Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 80PQ
(a)
To determine
The initial and final kinetic energies of the system and whether the energy conserved in the collision process.
(b)
To determine
The type of the collision process.
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The following question concerns a collision in outer space, far enough from any planets so that the external forces can be considered as negligible.
An unmanned spacecraft, having mass 1,500,000 kg and speed 25,000 km/hr collides with a small meteor, having mass 3,000 kg and speed 2,100 km/hr, in the Kuiper belt.
a. Prior to the collision, what are the total kinetic energy and total momentum?
b. Assuming a head-on collision, in which the meteor becomes lodged into the spacecraft’s body and the two objects move off together, what are the total kinetic energy and momentum after the collision?
c. If instead of getting lodged into the spacecraft, the meteor bounced off, would the change in the space craft’s momentum be larger or smaller, or is there not enough information to tell? Explain.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 11.1 - Forensic Science Forensic science is the...Ch. 11.2 - Why does a coach instruct a gymnast to bend her...Ch. 11.3 - When two objects collide, the impulse exerted on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.4CECh. 11.5 - If a spacecraft is headed for the outer solar...Ch. 11.6 - The cue ball hits the eight-ball in a game of pool...Ch. 11 - When a spacecraft collides with a planet, it is...Ch. 11 - When a person feels that he is about to fall, he...Ch. 11 - A tall man walking at 1.25 m/s accidentally bumps...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4PQ
Ch. 11 - A basketball of mass m = 625 g rolls off the hoops...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6PQCh. 11 - Sven hits a baseball (m = 0.15 kg). He applies an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8PQCh. 11 - Prob. 9PQCh. 11 - In a laboratory, a cart collides with a wall and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11PQCh. 11 - A Show that Equation 11.4 (the impulsemomentum...Ch. 11 - A crate of mass M is initially at rest on a level,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PQCh. 11 - Two pucks in a laboratory are placed on an air...Ch. 11 - A truck collides with a small, empty parked car....Ch. 11 - Prob. 17PQCh. 11 - Prob. 18PQCh. 11 - A skater of mass m standing on ice throws a stone...Ch. 11 - A skater of mass 45.0 kg standing on ice throws a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PQCh. 11 - In a laboratory experiment, 1 a block of mass M is...Ch. 11 - Ezra (m = 25.0 kg) has a tire swing and wants to...Ch. 11 - A suspicious physics student watches a stunt...Ch. 11 - A 2.45-kg ball is shot into a 0.450-kg box that is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26PQCh. 11 - Prob. 27PQCh. 11 - Prob. 28PQCh. 11 - A dart of mass m is fired at and sticks into a...Ch. 11 - A dart of mass m = 10.0 g is fired at and sticks...Ch. 11 - A bullet of mass m = 8.00 g is fired into and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 32PQCh. 11 - A bullet of mass m is fired into a ballistic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34PQCh. 11 - One object (m1 = 0.200 kg) is moving to the right...Ch. 11 - Prob. 36PQCh. 11 - Prob. 37PQCh. 11 - Prob. 38PQCh. 11 - Two objects collide head-on (Fig. P11.39). The...Ch. 11 - Initially, ball 1 rests on an incline of height h,...Ch. 11 - Initially, ball 1 rests on an incline of height h,...Ch. 11 - In an attempt to produce exotic new particles, a...Ch. 11 - Pendulum bob 1 has mass m1. It is displaced to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 44PQCh. 11 - Prob. 45PQCh. 11 - Prob. 46PQCh. 11 - Prob. 47PQCh. 11 - Prob. 48PQCh. 11 - Two skateboarders, with masses m1 = 75.0 kg and m2...Ch. 11 - In a laboratory experiment, an electron with a...Ch. 11 - In Figure P11.51, a cue ball is shot toward the...Ch. 11 - A proton with an initial speed of 2.00 108 m/s in...Ch. 11 - A football player of mass 95 kg is running at a...Ch. 11 - Two bumper cars at the county fair are sliding...Ch. 11 - Two bumper cars at the county fair are sliding...Ch. 11 - Prob. 56PQCh. 11 - N A bomb explodes into three pieces A, B, and C of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58PQCh. 11 - An object of mass m = 4.00 kg that is moving with...Ch. 11 - A wooden block of mass M is initially at rest at...Ch. 11 - Prob. 61PQCh. 11 - Prob. 62PQCh. 11 - In an experiment designed to determine the...Ch. 11 - From what might be a possible scene in the comic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 65PQCh. 11 - Two pucks in a laboratory are placed on an air...Ch. 11 - Assume the pucks in Figure P11.66 stick together...Ch. 11 - Prob. 68PQCh. 11 - Prob. 69PQCh. 11 - A ball of mass 50.0 g is dropped from a height of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 71PQCh. 11 - A pendulum consists of a wooden bob of mass M...Ch. 11 - Three runaway train cars are moving on a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 74PQCh. 11 - Rutherford fired a beam of alpha particles (helium...Ch. 11 - Prob. 76PQCh. 11 - Prob. 77PQCh. 11 - February 3, 2009, was a very snowy day along...Ch. 11 - A cart filled with sand rolls at a speed of 1.0...Ch. 11 - Prob. 80PQCh. 11 - Prob. 81PQCh. 11 - Prob. 82PQCh. 11 - Prob. 83PQCh. 11 - Prob. 84PQ
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- Sven hits a baseball (m = 0.15 kg). He applies an average force of 50.0 N. The ball had an initial velocity of 35.0 m/s to the right and a final velocity of 40.0 m/s to the left as viewed by a fan in the stands. a. What is the impulse delivered by Svens bat to the baseball? b. How long is his bat in contact with the ball?arrow_forwardA ball of mass 50.0 g is dropped from a height of 10.0 m. It rebounds after losing 75% of its kinetic energy during the collision process. If the collision with the ground took 0.010 s, find the magnitude of the impulse experienced by the ball.arrow_forwardIn a “Top Fail” video (https://openstaxcollege.org/l/21topfailvideo), two women run at each other and collide by hitting exercise balls together. If each woman has a mass of 50 kg, which includes the exercise ball, and one woman runs to the right at 2.0 m/s and the other is running toward her at 1.0 m/s, (a) how much total kinetic energy is there in the system? (b) If energy is conserved after the collision and each exercise ball has a mass of 2.0 kg, how fast would the balls fly off toward the camera?arrow_forward
- In Figure P11.51, a cue ball is shot toward the eight-ball on a pool table. The cue ball is shot at the eight-ball with a speed of 8.00 m/s in a direction 30.0 from the y axis. Both balls have the same mass of 0.170 kg. After the balls undergo an elastic collision, the eight-ball travels in the negative x direction into the side pocket. What is the velocity of the cue ball after this collision? FIGURE P11.51arrow_forwardIn a laboratory, a cart collides with a wall and bounces back. Figure P11.10 shows a graph of the force exerted by the wall versus time. a. Find the impulse exerted by the wall on the cart. b. What is the average force exerted by the wall on the cart? c. If the cart has a mass of 0.448 kg, what is its change in velocity? d. Make a sketch of the situation. Include a coordinate system and explain the significance of the signs in parts (a) through (c). FIGURE P11.10arrow_forwardA particle has a momentum of magnitude 40.0 kg m/s and a kinetic energy of 3.40 102 J. a. What is the mass of the particle? b. What is the speed of the particle?arrow_forward
- A cart filled with sand rolls at a speed of 1.0 m/s along a horizontal path without friction. A ball of mass m = 2.0 kg is thrown with a horizontal velocity of 8.0 m/s toward the cart as shown in Figure P11.79. The ball gets stuck in the sand. What is the velocity of the cart after the ball strikes it? The mass of the cart is 15 kg. FIGURE P11.79 Problems 79 and 80.arrow_forwardAn object of mass m = 4.00 kg that is moving with a speed of 10.0 m/s collides head-on with another object, and the collision lasts 1.50 s. A graph showing the magnitude of the force during the collision versus time is shown in Figure P11.59, where the force is exerted in the direction opposite the initial velocity. Find the speed of the 4.00-kg mass after collision. FIGURE P11.59arrow_forwardA proton with an initial speed of 2.00 108 m/s in the x direction collides elastically with another proton initially at rest. The first protons velocity after the collision is 1.64 108 m/s at an angle of 35.0 with the horizontal. What is the velocity of the second proton after the collision?arrow_forward
- A model rocket is shot straight up and explodes at the top of its trajectory into three pieces as viewed from above and shown in Figure P10.44. The masses of the three pieces are mA = 100.0 g, mB = 20.0 g, and mC = 30.0 g. Immediately after the explosion, piece A is traveling at 1.50 m/s, and piece B is traveling at 7.00 m/s in a direction 30 below the negative x axis as shown. What is the velocity of piece C? FIGURE P10.44 Problems 44 and 45. 45. We can use the conservation of momentum (Eq. 10.9). The total initial momentum is zero, so the sum of all the final momenta should be zero. mAvAf+mBvBf+mCvCf=0 This velocities for A and B can be expressed as vectors. vAf=1.50jm/svBf=(7.00im/s)cos30(7.00jm/s)sin30=(6.06i3.50j)m/s We can now solve the momentum equation. (100.0g)(1.50jm/s)+(20.0g)(6.06i3.50j)m/s+(30.0g)vCf=0vCf=(4.04i2.67j)m/s The velocity of piece C is down and to the right as expected.arrow_forward(a) Figure P9.36 shows three points in the operation of the ballistic pendulum discussed in Example 9.6 (and shown in Fig. 9.10b). The projectile approaches the pendulum in Figure P9.36a. Figure P9.36b shows the situation just after the projectile is captured in the pendulum. In Figure P9.36c, the pendulum arm has swung upward and come to rest momentarily at a height A above its initial position. Prove that the ratio of the kinetic energy of the projectilependulum system immediately after the collision to the kinetic energy immediately before is m1|/(m1 + m2). (b) What is the ratio of the momentum of the system immediately after the collision to the momentum immediately before? (c) A student believes that such a large decrease in mechanical energy must be accompanied by at least a small decrease in momentum. How would you convince this student of the truth? Figure P9.36 Problem. 36 and 43. (a) A metal ball moves toward the pendulum. (b) The ball is captured by the pendulum. (c) The ballpendulum combination swings up through a height h before coming to rest.arrow_forwardThree runaway train cars are moving on a frictionless, horizontal track in a railroad yard as shown in Figure P11.73. The first car, with mass m1 = 1.50 103 kg, is moving to the right with speed v1 = 10.0 m /s; the second car, with mass m2 = 2.50 103 kg, is moving to the left with speed v2 = 5.00 m/s, and the third car, with mass m3 = 1.20 103 kg, is moving to the left with speed v3 = 8.00 m /s. The three railroad cars collide at the same instant and couple, forming a train of three cars. a. What is the final velocity of the train cars immediately after the collision? b. Would the answer to part (a) change if the three cars did not collide at the same instant? Explain. FIGURE P11.73arrow_forward
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