Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 5RQ
During free-fall collapse, what keeps the collapsing cloud’s internal temperature from increasing?
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Presumably, the collapse causes the density of the cloud to increase. How does this
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increase the temperature of the cloud
If our Sun were surrounded by a cloud of gas, would this cloud
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2. What percentage of the mass of the solar nebula consisted of elements other than hydrogen and helium?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - During free-fall collapse, what keeps the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6RQCh. 11 - Prob. 7RQCh. 11 - Prob. 8RQCh. 11 - Prob. 9RQCh. 11 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - Prob. 12RQCh. 11 - Prob. 13RQCh. 11 - Describe the three ways thermal energy can be...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15RQCh. 11 - Prob. 16RQCh. 11 - How does the CNO cycle differ from the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18RQCh. 11 - Prob. 19RQCh. 11 - Prob. 20RQCh. 11 - Prob. 21RQCh. 11 - Prob. 22RQCh. 11 - Prob. 23RQCh. 11 - Prob. 24RQCh. 11 - Prob. 1PCh. 11 - Prob. 2PCh. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - If a protostellar disk is 200 AU in radius and the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Prob. 7PCh. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - Prob. 11PCh. 11 - Prob. 12PCh. 11 - If the Orion Nebula is 8 pc in diameter and has a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - Prob. 1SOPCh. 11 - Prob. 2SOPCh. 11 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 11 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 11 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 11 - Prob. 4LTLCh. 11 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 11 - Prob. 6LTL
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- Did hydrogen gas condense from the nebula as the nebula cooled? What about helium gas? How do you know?arrow_forward7. Why does a solar nebula flatten into a disk instead of a sphere, even though the gravity of a nebula pulls in all directions?arrow_forwardDescribe each of the following nebulae and how they can be observed: HIlI region Cold hydrogen gas Dust cloudsarrow_forward
- How can astronomers observe through these dusty clouds? What can possibly happen in these clouds in millions of years?arrow_forwardThe radius of the Sun is 0.7 million km. What percentage of the radius is taken up by the chromosphere? (Hint: Refer to Figure 8-1.)arrow_forwardWhat is forced convection? How does it differ from natural convection? Is convection caused by winds forced or natural convection?arrow_forward
- What is the Oort cloud?arrow_forwardAn image of the disk of the Sun shows a higher brightness at the centre compared to the edges. Explain with the aid of a sketch the reasons for this darkening at the limb of the solar disk. In images of the solar photosphere there are small regions of the solar disk, about 500 km across, which are about 2.5 times brighter that the surrounding photosphere. Assuming a temperature of 5800 K for the background photosphere, calculate the temperature of these photospheric bright points. One explanation for these bright points is that the density is lower in these regions. Explain briefly how that could produce the observed brightening.arrow_forwardDiscuss the origin of aurorae. (Your answer should make reference to the solar wind, the magnetosphere and emission lines)arrow_forward
- A) A typical dust grain has a radius of about 0.1 micrometers and a mass of 10-14 grams. Roughly how many dust particles are in a cloud containing 1000 Msun of dusty gas if 1% of the cloud's mass is in the form of dust grains? B) What surface area would be covered by these grains if you put them side by side? Assume these grains are spherical. Answer in square light-years. C) Estimate the total surface area covered by the cloud assuming it's matter density is like that of a typical molecular cloud, about 10-21 g/cm3 (Hint: first calculate the clouds volume from it's mass and density, then determine its radius using the formula for volume of a sphere) Answer in square light-years. D) Comparing all above answers, What are the chances (very roughly) that a photon passing through the cloud will hit a dust grain?arrow_forwardUM neneasesent-dleiverystot/48749871287actionsonresume& ossionid=5088 Use the illustration to answer the question. Which stages involve the collision and clumping of matter in the nebula? Select all that apply. O stage 1 stage 2 O stage 3 stage 4arrow_forwardConsider a grain of sand that contains 1 mg of oxygen (a typical amount for a medium-sized sand grain, since sand is mostly SiO2). How many oxygen atoms does the grain contain? What is the radius of the sphere you would have to spread them out over if you wanted them to have the same density as the interstellar medium, about 1 atom per cm3? You can look up the mass of an oxygen atom.arrow_forward
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