Concept explainers
a)
To determine: The optimal capacity level using simulation.
Introduction: Simulation model is the digital prototype of the physical model that helps to
b)
To determine: The value at which there will be 5 percent chance that the actual discounted profit will be less.
Introduction: Simulation model is the digital prototype of the physical model that helps to forecast the performance of the system or model in the real world.
c)
To determine: The way the optimal capacity level change when the company is risk averse.
Introduction: Simulation model is the digital prototype of the physical model that helps to forecast the performance of the system or model in the real world.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Practical Management Science
- At the beginning of each week, a machine is in one of four conditions: 1 = excellent; 2 = good; 3 = average; 4 = bad. The weekly revenue earned by a machine in state 1, 2, 3, or 4 is 100, 90, 50, or 10, respectively. After observing the condition of the machine at the beginning of the week, the company has the option, for a cost of 200, of instantaneously replacing the machine with an excellent machine. The quality of the machine deteriorates over time, as shown in the file P10 41.xlsx. Four maintenance policies are under consideration: Policy 1: Never replace a machine. Policy 2: Immediately replace a bad machine. Policy 3: Immediately replace a bad or average machine. Policy 4: Immediately replace a bad, average, or good machine. Simulate each of these policies for 50 weeks (using at least 250 iterations each) to determine the policy that maximizes expected weekly profit. Assume that the machine at the beginning of week 1 is excellent.arrow_forwardAssume the demand for a companys drug Wozac during the current year is 50,000, and assume demand will grow at 5% a year. If the company builds a plant that can produce x units of Wozac per year, it will cost 16x. Each unit of Wozac is sold for 3. Each unit of Wozac produced incurs a variable production cost of 0.20. It costs 0.40 per year to operate a unit of capacity. Determine how large a Wozac plant the company should build to maximize its expected profit over the next 10 years.arrow_forwardIt costs a pharmaceutical company 75,000 to produce a 1000-pound batch of a drug. The average yield from a batch is unknown but the best case is 90% yield (that is, 900 pounds of good drug will be produced), the most likely case is 85% yield, and the worst case is 70% yield. The annual demand for the drug is unknown, with the best case being 20,000 pounds, the most likely case 17,500 pounds, and the worst case 10,000 pounds. The drug sells for 125 per pound and leftover amounts of the drug can be sold for 30 per pound. To maximize annual expected profit, how many batches of the drug should the company produce? You can assume that it will produce the batches only once, before demand for the drug is known.arrow_forward
- Big Hit Video must determine how many copies of a new video to purchase. Assume that the companys goal is to purchase a number of copies that maximizes its expected profit from the video during the next year. Describe how you would use simulation to shed light on this problem. Assume that each time a video is rented, it is rented for one day.arrow_forwardThe game of Chuck-a-Luck is played as follows: You pick a number between 1 and 6 and toss three dice. If your number does not appear, you lose 1. If your number appears x times, you win x. On the average, use simulation to find the average amount of money you will win or lose on each play of the game.arrow_forwardA manufacturer has a production facility that requires 10,237 units of component JY21 per year. Following a long-term contract, the manufacturer purchases component JY21 from a supplier with a lead time of 6 days. The unit purchase cost is $31.4 per unit. The cost to place and process an order from the supplier is $168 per order. The unit inventory carrying cost per year is 12.2 percent of the unit purchase cost. The manufacturer operates 250 days a year. Assume EOQ model is appropriate. If the manufacturer uses a constant order quantity of 1,053 units per order, what is the annual holding cost? Use at least 4 decimal places.arrow_forward
- Jankord Jewelers permits the return of their diamond wedding rings, provided the return occurs within two weeks. Typically, 20 percent are returned. If nine rings are sold today, what is the probability that fewer than four will be returned? A- 0.914 B- 0.962 C- 0.923 D- 0.935arrow_forwardA company has two products, which both sell in quantities of 20. Product A sells for $35/unit with a profit margin of 20%. Product B sells for $50/unit with a profit margin of 13%. Product A has a lost sale probability of 25% when out of stock, and Product B has a lost sale probability of 35% when out of stock. Which product is the more "expensive", in terms of lost sales, if it were to experience a stockout? O No answer text provided. O Product A O They both have the same cost of lost sales same O Product Barrow_forwardA company owns a 5-year-old turret lathe that has a book value of $23,000. The present market value for the lathe is $18,000. The expected decline in market value is $1,700/year to a minimum market value of $4,080; maintenance plus operating costs for the lathe equal $4,470/year.A new turret lathe can be purchased for $46,000 and will have an expected life of 8 years. The market value for the turret lathe is expected to equal $46,000(0.70)k at the end of year k. Annual maintenance and operating cost is expected to equal $1,900. Based on a 12% MARR, should the old lathe be replaced now? Use an equivalent uniform annual cost comparison, a planning horizon of 7 years, and the cash flow approach.EUAC for keeping old turret lathe: $EUAC for replacing turret lathe: $arrow_forward
- Larry Ellison starts a company that manufactures high-end custom leather bags. He hires two employees. Each employee only begins working on a bag when a customer order has been received and then she makes the bag from beginning to end. The average production time of a bag is 1.7 days, with a standard deviation of 3 days. Larry expects to receive one customer order per day on average. The interarrival times of orders have a coefficient of variation of one. X Answer Is complete but not entirely correct. (Carry at least 4 decimal places in all intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) What is the expected duration, in days, between when an order is received and when production begins on the bag? 30.39 8 daysarrow_forwardWilliams Auto has a machine that installs tires. The machine is now in need of repair. The machineoriginally cost $10,000 and the repair will cost $1,000, but the machine will then last two years.The labor cost of operating the machine is $0.50 per tire. Instead of repairing the old machine,Williams could buy a new machine at a cost of $5,000 that would also last two years; the labor costwould then be reduced to $0.25 per tire. Should Williams repair or replace the machine if it expectsto install 10,000 tires in the next two years?arrow_forwardBarbara Flynn sells papers at a newspaper stand for $0.40. The papers cost her $0.30, giving her a $0.10 profit on each one she sells. From past experience Barbara knows that: a) 20% of the time she sells 150 papers. b) 20% of the time she sells 200 papers. c) 30% of the time she sells 250 papers. d) 30% of the time she sells 300 papers. Assuming that Barbara believes the cost of a lost sale to be $0.05 and any unsold papers cost her $0.30 and she orders 250 papers. Use the following random numbers: 14, 4, 13, 9, and 25 for simulating Barbara's profit. (Note: Assume the random number interval begins at 01 and ends at 00.) Based on the given probability distribution and the order size, for the given random number Barbara's sales and profit are (enter your responses for sales as integers and round all profit responses to two decimal places): Random Number Sales Profit 14 4 13 9 25arrow_forward
- Practical Management ScienceOperations ManagementISBN:9781337406659Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.Publisher:Cengage,