Chapter 11, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products for the given reaction have to be found.

Concept introduction:

The carboxylic acid and its derivatives like esters, acyl chlorides and amides have groups such as $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$. These groups can be replaced in a chemical reaction when the compounds react with some reagents like water, alcohol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, thionyl chloride and so on. The nucleophile from these reagents attack the carbonyl carbon leading to the formation of tetrahedral intermediate followed by the collapse of the intermediate to form a product. The groups $\text{Cl}$, $\text{OH}$, $\text{OR}$ and ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ present in the compound are replaced by the corresponding nucleophile like a nuceophilic subsitution reaction.