Chapter 11, Problem 45E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molality, mass percent, normality and mole fraction of Citric acid has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Mass percent can be defined as ratio of calculated mass to the total mass of the compound whole multiplied by $\text{100}$. The mass percent of compound is given by,

$\text{Mass}\text{percent(100)=}\frac{\text{Calculated}\text{Mass}}{\text{Total}\text{mass}}\text{×100}$

Molality of a solution also called as molal concentration can be defined as the mass of solute in grams to the mass of the solvent in kilograms. It can be given by the equation,

$\text{Molality(mol}{\text{kg}}^{\text{-1}}\text{)=}\frac{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solue(in}\text{g)}}{\text{Mass}\text{of}\text{solvent(in}\text{kg)}}$

Mole fraction of a compound can be defined as the number of moles of a substance to the total number of moles present in them. The mole fraction can be calculated by,

$\text{Mole}\text{fraction}\text{of}\text{compound=}\frac{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{moles(in}\text{mol)}}{\text{Total}\text{number}\text{of}\text{moles(in}\text{mol)}}$

Normality can be defined as number of gram equivalent to the volume of the solution. It can be given by formula,

$\text{Normality(N)=}\frac{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{gram}\text{equivalent(in}\text{g)}}{\text{Volume}\text{of}\text{solution(in}\text{L)}}$