Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357391594
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim; William H. Brown; Mary K. Campbell
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 11, Problem 41P
The heat of combustion of methane, a component of natural gas, is 212 kcal/mol. That of propane, a component of LP gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a gram- for-gram basis, which hydrocarbon is the better source of heat energy?
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Ethanol, C₂H60, is most often blended with gasoline - usually as a 10 percent mix - to create a fuel called gasohol.
Ethanol is a renewable resource and ethanol-blended fuels, like gasohol, appear to burn more efficiently in combustion
engines. The combustion of one mole of ethanol releases 326.7 kcal of energy.
The combustion of one mole of 2-methylheptane,
C8H18, releases
1.306 × 10³ kcal of energy. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 405 grams of 2-
methylheptane?
kcal
Assuming the same efficiency, would 405 grams of ethanol provide more, less, or the same amount of energy as 405
grams of 2-methylheptane?
more
less
the same amount
Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining
Hydrocarbons, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen, are important in fuels.
The heat of combustion of cyclobutane, C,Hg, is 650.3 kcal/mol.
Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclobutane.
How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 375 grams of eyclobutane ?
kcal
How much heat is produced by the complete combustion of 237 g of methane by the equation below. The enthalpy change is 802.3 KJ.
CH4 + 2 O2 ---> CO2 + 2 H2O
Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Draw an energy diagram to illustrate this reaction
Chapter 11 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 11.1QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.2QCCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3QCCh. 11.4 - Problem 11-4 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.6 - Problem 11-5 Write the molecular formula and IUPAC...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 11.6QCCh. 11.8 - Prob. 11.7QCCh. 11.9 - Prob. 11.8QCCh. 11.10 - Prob. 11.9QCCh. 11 - 11-11 Define: Hydrocarbon Alkane Saturated...
Ch. 11 - 11-12 Why is it not accurate to describe an...Ch. 11 - 11-13 What is meant by the term line-angle formula...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - Write the molecular formula for each alkane.Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. Constitutional isomers have...Ch. 11 - Which statements are true about constitutional...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Each member of the following set of compounds is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - 11-21 In the six following sets, which pairs of...Ch. 11 - Draw line-angle formulas for the nine...Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. The parent name of an alkane...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PCh. 11 - Among the ingredients listed in one commercial...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PCh. 11 - Answer true or false. Cycloalkanes are saturated...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18PCh. 11 - Prob. 19PCh. 11 - Prob. 20PCh. 11 - Prob. 21PCh. 11 - 11-32 Calculate the actual C-C-C bond angles in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23PCh. 11 - 11-34 What structural feature of cycloalkanes...Ch. 11 - Prob. 25PCh. 11 - 11-36 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 11 - Name and draw structural formulas for the six...Ch. 11 - 11-38 Why is equatorial methylcyclohexane more...Ch. 11 - Prob. 29PCh. 11 - Consider a cyclohexane ring substituted with one...Ch. 11 - Prob. 31PCh. 11 - Prob. 32PCh. 11 - Which unbranched alkane (Table 11-4) has about the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 34PCh. 11 - Prob. 35PCh. 11 - Prob. 36PCh. 11 - Prob. 37PCh. 11 - 11-48 How are the boiling points of hydrocarbons...Ch. 11 - Answer true or false. Combustion of alkanes is an...Ch. 11 - 11-50 Write balanced equations for the combustion...Ch. 11 - The heat of combustion of methane, a component of...Ch. 11 - 11-52 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 11 - Prob. 43PCh. 11 - 11-54 Complete and balance the equation for the...Ch. 11 - Name and draw structural formulas for all pos...Ch. 11 - Prob. 46PCh. 11 - Prob. 47PCh. 11 - 11-58 (Chemical Connections 11A) How many rings in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 49PCh. 11 - Prob. 50PCh. 11 - Prob. 51PCh. 11 - 11-62(Chemical Connections 11C) What are Freons?...Ch. 11 - 11-63 (Chemical Connections 11C) In what way do...Ch. 11 - (Chemical Connections 11C) What are HFCs and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 55PCh. 11 - Prob. 56PCh. 11 - Prob. 57PCh. 11 - Prob. 58PCh. 11 - Which of the following compounds can exist as...Ch. 11 - Prob. 60PCh. 11 - Dodecane, C12H26, is an unbranched alkane Predict...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62PCh. 11 - Prob. 63PCh. 11 - Prob. 64PCh. 11 - As stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple...Ch. 11 - Prob. 66PCh. 11 - Prob. 67P
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- Complete and balance the following combustion reactions. Assume that each hydrocarbon is converted completely to carbon dioxide and water. (a) Propane + O2 (b) Octane + O2 (c) Cyclohexane + O2 (d) 2-Methylpentane + O2arrow_forwardYields in organic reactions are sometimes low. What is the percent yield of a process that produces 13.0 g of ethyl acetate from 10.0 g of CH3CO2H?arrow_forwardAlcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the steps (reactants/catalysts) you would follow to carry out the conversions, drawing the formula for the organic product in each step. For each step, a major product must be produced. (See Exercise 62.) (Hint: In the presence of H+, an alcohol is converted into an alkene and water. This is the exact reverse of the reaction of adding water to an alkene to form an alcohol.) a. 1-butanol butane b. 1-butanol 2-butanonearrow_forward
- List four common fuels used by our society, and draw structural formulas for the corresponding hydrocarbons that compose them.arrow_forwardWhen one mole of cyclohexene is hydrogenated (to yield cyclohexane), 28.6 kcal of heat is released. How much heat is released when one mole of benzene (C6H6) is completely hydrogenated (3 mole H₂ adding to one mole benzene)? Select one: O A. 3 x 28.6 kcal = 85.8 kcal OB. more than 85.8 kcal O C. substantially less than 85.8 kcalarrow_forwardGasohol is a mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH. Ethanol is considered an environmentally friendly fuel additive because it can be made from a renewable source—sugarcane. Ethanol burns in air to form CO 2 and H 2O, and, like the combustion of alkanes, this reaction also releases a great deal of energy. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.arrow_forward
- The heat of combustion of 2-methylheptane, C8H18, is 5464 kJ/mol. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 399 grams of 2-methylheptane ? a) 19,100 kJ b) 21,800 kJ c) 16,200 kJ d) 20,100 kJarrow_forwardWhat are the products from the complete combustion of propane? C2H2 and H2O CO and H2O CO and H2 CO2 and H2O CO2 and H2arrow_forwardAlkanes are hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. Acyclic alkanes have carbon atoms arranged in chains, whereas cycloalkanes have carbon atoms arranged in one or more rings. How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 33 carbon atoms? H atomsH atoms: How many hydrogen atoms are in a cycloalkane with 33 carbon atoms? H atomsH atoms:arrow_forward
- Complete combustion of Octanearrow_forward1. Dehydration: 2. Oxidation: This is a reaction where an alcohol loses a water molecule to form an alkene. For example, when ethanol is treated with an acidic catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, it undergoes dehydration to form ethene (CH2=CH2) and water. ALCOHOLS In this reaction, an alcohol is converted to either a carbonyl compound or a carboxylic acid. 3. Esterification: Types of Reaction (s) For example, primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, while secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones. Tertiary alcohols are usually not affected by oxidations 4. Substitution: The conversion of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to an ester and water, in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction between methanol and acetic acid to form methyl acetate: CH3OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH3 + H2O Click to add speaker notes ME Substitution reactions in organic chemistry involve the replacement of one atom or group of atoms with another atom or group of atoms in a molecule. 1.…arrow_forwardCombustion reactions are exotherinic. The heat of reaction for the combustion of cyclohexane, CH2. is 936.8 kcal/mol. What is the heat of combustion for cyclohexane in kcaligram? kraligram How much heat will be given off if molar quantities of cyclobexane react according to the following equation? CH12 +90y6 CO, +6 H,0 kcal Submit Answer Retry Entire Group more group attempts remainingarrow_forward
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