
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
To draw a condensed structure for an alcohol having molecular formula
Concept Introduction:
Condensed structure is accustomed to composing organic structure in a line of text. It demonstrates all molecules, however, overlooks the vertical bonds and most or all the horizontal single bonds. It utilizes brackets to demonstrate that polyatomic gatherings inside in a formula are joined to the closest non-hydrogen atom on the left side.
(b)
Interpretation:
To indicate all polar bonds present in
Concept Introduction:
The unequal sharing of valence electrons in a bond is called polar bond. Polar bond result when the bond formed between two atoms in which one atom is more electronegative than the other one. One example of polar bond is
In
(c)
Interpretation:
To determine the geometry around the O atom.
Concept Introduction:
The following table should be used while determining the shape around an atom.
Number of groups | Number of atoms | Number of lone pairs | Shape | Bond angle |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear | |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar | |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral | |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal | |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
(d)
Interpretation:
To determine the drawn compound as polar or nonpolar.
Concept Introduction:
Polar compound is that compound in which polar bonds are present. Bond formed due to unequal sharing of valence electrons is called polar bond. Polar bond result when the bond formed between two atoms in which one atom is more electronegative than the other one. One example of polar bond is

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Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM
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- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density × NO2 ○ donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O electron-rich electron-deficient no inductive effects O no resonance effects O similar to benzene E [ CI O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Explanation Check ○ donating withdrawing no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accesarrow_forwardUnderstanding how substituents activate Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation HN NH2 Check X (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Aarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density Molecule CF3 O donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene CH3 O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects O donating O withdrawing Ono resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Explanation Check Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
- * Hint: Think back to Chem 1 solubility rules. Follow Up Questions for Part B 12. What impact do the following disturbances to a system at equilibrium have on k, the rate constant for the forward reaction? Explain. (4 pts) a) Changing the concentration of a reactant or product. (2 pts) b) Changing the temperature of an exothermic reaction. (2 pts) ofarrow_forwardDraw TWO general chemical equation to prepare Symmetrical and non-Symmetrical ethers Draw 1 chemical reaction of an etherarrow_forwardPlease help me with the following questions for chemistry.arrow_forward
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