Chapter 11, Problem 11.2EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and neutrons present in $\text{C}\text{a}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction.  These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does.  Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms.  Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element.  To represent a nuclide various notations are used.  All the notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone.  Three types of notations are used.  For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as $\text{N}$, or nitrogen-15 or N-15.  In the first notation, the number in the superscript is the mass number and number in the subscript is the atomic number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and neutrons present in $\text{C}\text{u}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction.  These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does.  Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms.  Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element.  To represent a nuclide various notations are used.  All the notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone.  Three types of notations are used.  For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as $\text{N}$, or nitrogen-15 or N-15.  In the first notation, the number in the superscript is the mass number and number in the subscript is the atomic number.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and neutrons present in gold-197 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction.  These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does.  Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms.  Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element.  To represent a nuclide various notations are used.  All the notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone.  Three types of notations are used.  For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as $\text{N}$, or nitrogen-15 or N-15.  In the first notation, the number in the superscript is the mass number and number in the subscript is the atomic number.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of protons and neutrons present in P-31 has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

If the reaction occurs in the nucleus of an atom then it is known as nuclear reaction.  These reactions are not considered as ordinary chemical reactions because the electrons do not take part in reaction while the particles inside the nucleus does.  Isotope and nuclide are almost similar terms.  Isotopes refer to the same element that have different mass number while nuclide refer to atom of same or different elements with specific atomic number and mass number.

The isotopes are designated to describe different atoms of the same element.  To represent a nuclide various notations are used.  All the notation uses mass number and atomic number or mass number alone.  Three types of notations are used.  For example, nitrogen atom that contains mass number as 15 is designated as $\text{N}$, or nitrogen-15 or N-15.  In the first notation, the number in the superscript is the mass number and number in the subscript is the atomic number.