Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENTANE. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 2 one methyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituents, then prefix ‘2-methyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 2-methylpentane.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains six carbons and the parent name is Hexane. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds. At each carbon of 2, 3, and 4 one methyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing three identical substituents, then prefix ‘2,3,4 -trimethyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 2,3,4 -trimethylhexane.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains six carbons and the parent name is HEXANE. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 3 one ethyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituent, then prefix ‘3-ethyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 3-ethylhexane.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name by replacing ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is 1-PENTENE. Because the double bond in first carbon atom.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 3 one bromine group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituent, then prefix ‘3-bromo’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 3-bromo-1-pentene.
(e)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name by replacing ‘ane’ to ‘yne’. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENT-2-YNE. The Suffix ‘2-yne’ represents the structure contains one triple bond at C-2.
Predict substituents and its location:
No substituents present and no prefix can be written. Hence, the name is,
IUPAC name: Pent-2-yne.
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