Characteristic reaction of alkanes , alkenes , and alkynes has to be described. Concept introduction: Alkane: General formula C n H 2 n + 2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkane hydrocarbon molecules is, containing only single covalent bonds. Alkene: General formula C n H 2 n where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkene hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one double bond. Alkyne: General formula C n H 2 n − 2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkyne hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one triple bond.

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 11, Problem 11.10QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Characteristic reaction of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes has to be described.

Concept introduction:

Alkane: General formula CnH2n+2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkane hydrocarbon molecules is, containing only single covalent bonds.

Alkene: General formula CnH2n where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkene hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one double bond.

Alkyne: General formula CnH2n−2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkyne hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one triple bond.

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Give reason(s) for six from the followings [using equations if possible] a. Addition of sodium carbonate to sulfanilic acid in the Methyl Orange preparation. b. What happened if the diazotization reaction gets warmed up by mistake. c. Addition of sodium nitrite in acidified solution in MO preparation through the diazotization d. Using sodium dithionite dihydrate in the second step for Luminol preparation. e. In nitroaniline preparation, addition of the acid mixture (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) to the product of step I. f. What is the main reason of the acylation step in nitroaniline preparation g. Heating under reflux. h. Fusion of an organic compound with sodium. HAND WRITTEN PLEASE

edict the major products of the following organic reaction: u A + ? CN Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Te LMUNDARY

Sketch the intermediates for A,B,C & D.

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 11, Problem 11.10QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Characteristic reaction of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes has to be described.

Concept introduction:

Alkane: General formula CnH2n+2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkane hydrocarbon molecules is, containing only single covalent bonds.

Alkene: General formula CnH2n where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkene hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one double bond.

Alkyne: General formula CnH2n−2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkyne hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one triple bond.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 11, Problem 11.10QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Characteristic reaction of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes has to be described.

Concept introduction:

Alkane: General formula CnH2n+2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkane hydrocarbon molecules is, containing only single covalent bonds.

Alkene: General formula CnH2n where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkene hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one double bond.

Alkyne: General formula CnH2n−2 where, n = 1, 2, 3…. The essential characteristic of alkyne hydrocarbon molecules is, containing at least one triple bond.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 11, Problem 11.10QP

Interpretation Introduction