Chapter 11, Problem 11.1QP

List the different phase transitions that are possible and give examples of each.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Possible transitions are to be listed with example for each.

Concept Introduction:

Phase transition can occur in the wide range of materials. It is defined as certain class of matter will undergo a transition to a ordered state from a disordered state. Only way to classify the material is based on its general properties.

Answer to Problem 11.1QP

Phase transitions are,

• Melting: solid to liquid
• Vaporization: liquid to gas
• Condensation: gas to liquid
• Solidification: liquid to solid
• Sublimation: solid to gas

Explanation of Solution

Melting

Melting is a physical process in which the substance undergo transition from solid state to liquid state.  This phenomenon occurs when internal energy of the solid increases by applying heat or pressure which increases temperature of the substance.  At melting point, the order of ions or molecule present in the solid will break and going to less ordered state and the solid become liquid.

Example: Ice cube into water.

Vaporization:

Vaporization is a process in which the substance undergoes transition from liquid state to vapour state. Two types of vaporization are evaporation and boiling.

Evaporation is the process of phase transition from liquid to vapour phase (substance below the critical temperature). It occurs at the surface.

Boiling is also a phase transition from liquid to vapour phase but boiling is the arrangement of vapour as bubble below the liquid surface.

Condensation

Condensation is the process in which water changes its state to liquid from vapour or gas phase.

Example: Formation of cloud, water drops forming on surface of the grass.

Solidification

Solidification also called freezing in which phase changes from liquid to solid. Solidification generally occurs when the temperature of the liquid is low.

Example: Freezing of water

Sublimation:

Sublimation is a physical process in which the substance undergoes transition from solid state to gas state.

Example: Ignition of camphor

Conclusion

Possible transitions were listed with example for each.