To identify: The number of CO2, ATP, and NADPH molecules required in the Calvin cycle to synthesize one glucose molecule.
Introduction:
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the chloroplast stroma, where sugar is created via the Calvin cycle, from the inside of a leaf through pores called stomata. Since light does not play a direct role in these processes, they are also known as light-independent reactions.
Carbon dioxide is converted into three-carbon sugars through the Calvin cycle, which involves the fixing (or incorporation) of carbon into organic molecules. The ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) produced in photosynthesis power and sustain this procedure. In contrast to the light reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the stroma.
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
- If a cell has a lot of AMP, cellular respiration will ________________________ due to the enzyme ______________________. Slow down, Rubisco Speed up, phosphofructokinase Speed up, Rubisco Slow down, Phosphofructokinasearrow_forwardWhich of the following would still be possible in a plant with nonfunctional mitochondria in the dark? Select all that apply. Krebs cycle Calvin cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Cyclic photophosphorylation Glycolysis Noncyclic photophosphorylationarrow_forwardSucrose is a carbohydrate produced naturally in plants. It is composed of glucose and fructose. Carbohydrates are made by plants which derive their food resources from photosynthesis. What molecules used in photosynthesis are rearranged to produce carbohydrates? Choose ALL that apply.arrow_forward
- For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. Calvin cycle can be organized into 3 basic stages. During the stage, the enzyme catalyze the fixation of by ribulose biphosphate. For each CO2 and RuBP, two molecules of get formed. During the phase, and are used to convert 6 molecules of 3-PGA into G3P. During the phase, one molecule of G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P regenerate . This enables the system to fix more . 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH fixation ATP pyruvate reduction…arrow_forwardThe "high energy electrons" used in the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration come from glucose. Plants and cyanobacteria produce glucose through photosynthesis. Where does the energy come from to produce glucose with "high energy electrons"?arrow_forwardThe high energy molecules that provide the energy to run the reactions of the Calvin cycle are ______________ and ________________. During the first step in the Calvin cycle, a molecule of carbon dioxide gas binds to a 5-carbon molecule called Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP). This step of the Calvin cycle is called: ___________________________. After three carbon dioxide molecules have been fixed to three RuBP and the Calvin cycle completes one turn, the organic molecule that is produced is _______________________. Once two of the molecules from the previous blank have been produced, they can combine to make a single six-carbon __________________________ molecule.arrow_forward
- This molecule: • is present in our atmosphere • enters the leaf through pores called stomata • is converted into glucose in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis._________?arrow_forwardCreate a visual representation, or a diagram, of the concepts in respiration and photosynthesis. You are NOT simply creating a list of terms with definitions, but a diagram of the process. Use ALL of these terms in the diagram/representation. Acetyl CoA --- Aerobic --- Anaerobic --- Citrate --- Citric Acid Cycle --- CO2, H2O, O2, ATP, ADP, Pi, NADH, NAD+, FADH2, FAD, GTP, and GDP --- Coenzyme --- Cytoplasm --- Electron Transport Chain --- Ethanol --- Fermentation --- Glucose --- Glycolysis --- Inner Mitochondrial Membrane --- Lactic Acid --- Mitochondrial Matrix --- Oxaloacetate --- Pyruvate --- Pyruvate Oxidationarrow_forwardThe function of the _____________ complex in photosynthesis is similar to the Q cycle in mitochondria.arrow_forward
- ATP formed during photosynthesis is considered _________________ phosphorylation. Substrate level Oxidative Photo Reversarrow_forwardIn photosynthesis, the cycle of reactions called the ______ is named for the first stable compound PGA, which is a 3-carbon molecule. C3 pathway Electron transport chain Krebs cycle C4 pathway The synthesis of ATP Produces energy. Requires energy. Requires carbon dioxide Produces ADP Glycolysis can occur In aerobic conditions only and requires oxygen In both aerobic and anaerobic conditions In aerobic conditions only In anaerobic conditions only The three stages of the Calvin cycle reactions are? NADPH reduction, CO2 fixation, and NADP+ NADP reduction, CO2 fixation and RuBP regeneration CO2 fixation, CO2 reduction, and RuBP regeneration None of the choices are correct On the cellular level what process uses oxygen to break food down, producing ATP? Photosynthesis Oxidation/reduction reactions Cellular respiration Mitosisarrow_forwardThere are some similarities and some differences between the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the two cycles? Both involve CO2, but in the Calvin cycle CO2 is used brought into the process as a source of carbon for the sugar being built. In the Mitochondrion, CO2 is removed from the sugar and leaves the cell. In the Calvin cycle, ATP is used to carry chemical energy from the light reactions to the the Calvin cycle where the chemical energy is incorporated in the sugar molecule that is being manufactured. In the mitochondrion, ATP is produced and brought out of the mitochondrion so it can provide chemical energy to the many activities going on in the cytoplasm The first step in the Calvin cycle, the carboxylation of RuBP, produces a 12-carbon product that splits into two 6 carbon pieces. In the first step of the citric acid…arrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College