(a) Interpretation: The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms. Concept introduction: The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Question

Consider the data below to answer the following questions. Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones and aldehydes. The nitrile functional group can be hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to yield a carboxylic acid. Nitriles can also be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids using aqueous base. Unfortunately, when a cyanohydrin is treated with aqueous base the original carbonyl compound is isolated. HO H HCEN H-3- HO' NaOH HO cyanohychin a. a nucleophilic substitution b. an electrophilic addition C10 OH CH-COOH A. The reaction of an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide is an example of + NaCN + H₂O reaction. H- C. an electrophilic substitution d. a nucleophilic addition B. Identify the electrophile in the reaction of benzaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

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Consider the data below to answer the following questions. Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the synthesis of a-hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones and aldehydes. The nitrile functional group can be hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to yield a carboxylic acid. Nitriles can also be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids using aqueous base. Unfortunately, when a cyanohydrin is treated with aqueous base the original carbonyl compound is isolated. HO H HCEN H-3- HO' NaOH HO cyanohychin a. a nucleophilic substitution b. an electrophilic addition C10 OH CH-COOH A. The reaction of an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide is an example of + NaCN + H₂O reaction. H- C. an electrophilic substitution d. a nucleophilic addition B. Identify the electrophile in the reaction of benzaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide.

Refer to the data below to answer the following questions: The octapeptide saralasin is a specific antagonist of angiotensin II. A derivative of saralasin is used therapeutically as an antihypertensive. Amino acid analysis of saralasin show the presence of the following amino acids: Ala, Arg, His, Pro, Sar, Tyr, Val, Val A. Sar is the abbreviation for sarcosine, N-methyl aminoethanoic acid. Draw the structure of sarcosine. B. N-Terminal analysis by the Edman method shows saralasin contains sarcosine at the N-terminus. Partial hydrolysis of saralasin with dilute hydrochloric acid yields the following fragments: Tyr-Val-His Sar-Arg-Val His-Pro-Ala Val-Tyr-Val Arg-Val-Tyr What is the structure of saralasin?

Give the major organic product(s) of each of the following reactions or sequences of reactions. Show all relevant stereochemistry.[4 only] CH3 A. B. HNO H₂Pt H₂SO4 hano NaN 1. LIAH ether Br 4 2 H₂O C. D. E. CH3CH2-CH2CH3 + HCl Br NH₂ CH3 ON CH-CH3 Br HNOZ CUCI 11,504 HC) 1. HNO H SO NH₂ 2 UM

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 69E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The conversion of the reactants to the products is called a reaction. The amount of product obtained from a reaction is known as yield. The extent of conversion of reactant to the product introduces the terms ideal and percentage yield.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The terms limiting reactant, excess reactant are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation of a reaction represents the stoichiometry with which the reactants are reacting with each other and stoichiometry of the product obtained with respect to that reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The terms heat of reaction, enthalpy of reaction are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The heat absorbed or given off from a reaction is known enthalpy of reaction. If the heat is absorbed than the enthalpy of reaction is taken a positive value. If the heat is given away then the enthalpy of reaction is taken as a negative value.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The terms chemical equation, thermochemical equation are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation is the representation of the chemical reaction in the equation form. In the chemical equation, the reactants and products of the reaction are placed in the equation with their states mentioned in the brackets.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The terms stoichiometry and thermochemical stoichiometry are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry is one of the very important parts of chemical equation problems. The stoichiometric ratio of the reactant and products is very useful in chemical equation problem-solving.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The terms joule and calorie are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Concept introduction:

One calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. A calorie is one of the units of energy just like joule. Joule is the SI unit of energy. The relation between a calorie and joule is 1 calorie=4.184 Joules.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 10 - The first step in the Ostwald process for...Ch. 10 - When hydrogen sulfide reacts with oxygen, water...Ch. 10 - Magnesium hydroxide is formed from the reaction of...Ch. 10 - In our bodies, sugar is broken down by reacting...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5E Ch. 10 - Aqueous solutions of potassium hydrogen sulfate...Ch. 10 - The first step in the Ostwald process for...Ch. 10 - Butane, C4H10 is a common fuel used for heating...Ch. 10 - The explosion of nitroglycerine is described by...Ch. 10 - According to the reaction 2AgNO3+CuCu(NO3)2+2Ag,...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the terms ideal, actual, and percentage yield are to be distinguished in the scientific terms.

Chapter 10 Solutions