
Concept explainers
A.
To explain: The number of DNA fragments labeled in gray, green, or red, or outlined in yellow produced if the PCR shown in Fig 10-12 runs additional two rounds of amplification and which will predominate over many cycles.
Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a device used to amplify small fragments of DNA for various analyses. PCR is a cost-effective, dependable, and a simple way to repeatedly amplify, that is, to replicate a small fragment of DNA of interest. PCR is the most widely used molecular technique all over the world.
A.

Explanation of Solution
The number of DNA produced in a generation is 2n, where ‘n’ is the number of generations. At the end of one additional round of amplification which is 25=32 DNA, there will be gray-2; green-4; red-4; and yellow outlined-22 fragments. At the end of one more additional round of amplification which is 26=64 DNA, there will be gray-2; green-5; red-5; and yellow outlined-52 fragments. 2n-2 is the actual formula, where 2 is the parent DNA being conserved. The yellow outlined DNA fragment will predominate over many cycles of reactions.
B.
To calculate: The number of cycles of PCR amplification required to produce 100 ng of DNA from a double-stranded DNA with 500
Introduction: PCR used to amplify small fragments of DNA for various analyses. PCR is done in simple steps: Denaturation of the DNA fragmentàAnnealing of the primersàElongation of the DNA fragment along the primer sideàDenaturationàCycle continues until the required DNA quantity is obtained. PCR is exclusively quantitative.
B.

Explanation of Solution
To find the number of PCR cycles:
Thus, approximately 40 cycles of PCR are required to amplify 500 nucleotide pairs double-stranded DNA to obtain 100 ng of DNA. 100 ng of DNA is the minimum amount of DNA required for biochemical analysis. As PCR is automated, if the protocols are followed correctly, the entire procedure will take less than a day.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Essential Cell Biology (fifth Edition)
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