Concept explainers
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. A property of all muscle cells is elasticity, which means that the tissue is able to stretch.
b. The common function of all types of muscle tissue is to generate tension.
c. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d. Muscle cells are contractile, conductive, distensible cells.
To review:
Whether the following statements are true or false.
a. A property of all muscle cells is elasticity, which means that the tissue is able to stretch.
b. The common function of all types of muscle tissues is to generate tension.
c. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
d. Muscle cells are contractile, conductive, and distensible cells.
Introduction:
The structural levels of organizations of the body are the cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the organism. The cellis made up of different organelles and is considered astructural and functional unit of life. A group of similar cells forms tissues, which perform similar functions. The four main types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Each movement inside the body, as well as locomotion from one place to other, involves several muscle cells.
Explanation of Solution
a. The statement, “A property of all muscle cells is elasticity, which means that the tissue is able to stretch”, is false. The three types of muscle tissues are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. The cells of all muscles possess the ability to stretch to a certain extent without getting damaged, which is called distensibility, not elasticity. Elasticity is the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched. The correct statement is, “A property of all muscle cells is distensibility, which means that the tissue is able to stretch.”
b. The statement, “The common function of all types of muscle tissues is to generate tension”, is true. All the muscle cells have the property of generating muscle tension due to common properties, such as contractility, excitability, and conductivity. This force is required for muscle contraction, stabilization of joints, posture maintenance, generation of heat, and regulation of the flow of materials through hollow organs.
c. The statement, “The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum”, is false because the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the term used for modified smooth endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells. The plasma membrane of the muscle cell is known as sarcolemma. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, and several integral and peripheral proteins are present in it. The correct statement is, “The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma.”
d. The statement, “Muscle cells are contractile, conductive, and distensible cells”, is true because all the muscle cells have the ability to contract (contractility) andrespond to different stimuli (excitability). The electrical changes in the plasma membrane are rapidly conducted along sarcolemma (conductivity) and also, the muscle cells can stretch (distensibility).
Thus, it can be concluded that all the muscle cells have common properties, namely contractility, distensibility, elasticity, conductivity, and excitability, which enable them to produce tension. The statements (b) and (d) are true according to the reasons provided and the statements(a) and (c) are false.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- Which of the following statements about the connective sheath of skeletal muscle is false? a. the endomysium wraps around every single muscle fiber b. the perimysium wraps around groups of muscle fibers c. the epimysium wraps around the whole muscle organ d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forwardSkeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in that both types of muscle a. have cells that branch. b. contain intercalated discs. c. are under involuntary control. d. are striated.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. Actin and myosin filaments do not shorten, but rather, slide past each other. b. Actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other. c. As they slide past each other, actin filaments shorten, but myosin filaments do not shorten. d. As they slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten, but actin filaments do not shorten.arrow_forward
- Which of the following characteristics does not apply to skeletal muscle tissue? a. striated b. voluntary c. multinucleated d. spindle shaped cells e. All of the above are correctarrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Muscle fibers generate more tension if the starting length of their sarcomeres is very short. b. Stimulation by a motor neuron before a muscle fiber has fully relaxed results in a condition called wave summation. c. Muscles that require a great deal of precise control will have large motor units. d. A muscle fiber changes length during isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric contractionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following sentences is NOT correct? A. White fibers make up fast-twitch muscle B. Muscle spindle is a type of receptor that detects muscle length C. Exocrine gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream D. When an action potential is generated within a motor neuron, every muscle cell of the motor unit is stimulated to contractarrow_forward
- Which of the following changes takes place when a skeletal muscle contracts?A. Z discs move farther apart.B. Actin filaments contract.C. Myosin filaments contract.D. Sarcomeres become shorter.arrow_forwardWhich of the following muscle tissue types does not exhibit striations? a. cardiac muscles b. skeletal muscles c. smooth muscles d. a and b e. b and carrow_forwardMatch the following terms with the correct numbers Muscle cell's cytoplasm A. Epimysium Dense connective tissue layer B. Sarcolemma surrounding fascicles Entire muscle is made of these C. Perimysium bundles surrounded by perimysium Entire muscle is surrounded by D. Sarcomere this irregular connective tissue layer The basic units of muscle; E. Endomysium composed of actin and myosin Areolar connective tissue layer F. Fascicle surrounding muscle fibers or cells Subdivisions of fascicles; G. Muscle fiber surrounded by endomysium Muscle cell's surrounding cell H. Sarcoplasm membranearrow_forward
- When skeletal muscle fibers are damaged and die, they may be replaced with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue, commonly known as scar tissue. a. How do these two tissue types differ in structure?b. How do they differ in function?c. Predict the impact of such an injury to muscle tissue on the function of a whole skeletal muscle.arrow_forwardWhat do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements relating to smooth muscle is true? a. single-unit smooth muscles contract rhythmically due to gap junctions b. multi-unit smooth muscles are arranged like skeletal muscle motor units c. visceral smooth muscles exhibit spontaneous action potentials d. multi-unit smooth muscles exhibit graded contractions in response to neural stimuli e. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education