BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 19RQ
Which protein is a positive regulator that phosphorylates other proteins when activated?
- p53
- retinoblastoma protein (Rb)
- cyclin
- cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)
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Students have asked these similar questions
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network
to increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in
the figure below.
EGF
Active EGFR
Inactive EGFR
Inactive EGFR
P-
EP
Inactive Ras-GDP
Ras-GTP Active
Raf -P
NUCLEUS
МЕК-F
МАРК-Р
Active
МАРК-P
C-myc gene transcribed
CYTOPLASM
Cell proliferation
Which of the following scenarios would result in decreased expression of the c-myc
gene?
Select all that apply
A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand
binding domain
A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to
exchange GDP for GTP
A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to
hydrolyze GTP for GDP
A homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always in
a phosphorylated state
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network
to increase expression of several genes and promote cell proliferation as shown in
the figure below.
EGF
Active EGFR
Inactive EGFR
P-
Inactive EGFR
Inactive Ras-GDR
Ras-GTP Active
Raf -P
МЕК- Р
NUCLEUS
МАРК-Р
Active
МАРК-Р
C-myc gene transcribed
CYTOPLASM
Cell proliferation
Which of the following scenarios would result in increased expression of the c-myc
gene?
Select all that apply.
A homozygous mutation of the EGFR gene resulting in a deletion of the ligand
binding domain
A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to
exchange GDP for GTP
A homozygous mutation of the MAPK gene so that MAPK protein was always in
a phosphorylated state
A homozygous mutation of the ras gene so that Ras protein was not able to
hydrolyze GTP for GDP
RAS is a signal transducer that acts as a switch for turning on cell division. Drag the descriptions below to their proper places on the
figure to show the sequence of events.
When growth factor
binds to the receptor,
the intracellular domain
activates RAS by
facilitating exchange of
GDP for GTP.
When no growth factor
is bound to the
extracellular receptor,
RAS is bound to GDP
and is inactive.
RAS activates the
first of three
sequential kinase
proteins termed the
MAP kinase cascade.
Cell proliferation
proceeds as the
machinery for cell
division is set in
motion.
The end result of the
MAP kinase cascade
is activation of a
transcription factor.
Receptor
1
Ras
GDP
2
4
5
Growth factor
Ras
GTP
Chapter 10 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 10 - Figure 10.6 Which of the following is the correct...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.13 Rb and other proteins that negatively...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.14 Human papillomavirus can cause...Ch. 10 - A diploid cell has ________ the number of...Ch. 10 - An organism s traits are determined by the...Ch. 10 - The first level of DNA organization in a...Ch. 10 - Identical copies of chromatin held together by...Ch. 10 - S. Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which of the following events does not occur...Ch. 10 - The mitotic spindles arise from which cell...
Ch. 10 - Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the...Ch. 10 - Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Separation of the sister chromatids is a...Ch. 10 - The chromosomes become visible under a light...Ch. 10 - The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaplhase...Ch. 10 - At which of the cell-cycle checkpoints do external...Ch. 10 - What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the...Ch. 10 - If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which protein is a positive regulator that...Ch. 10 - Many of the negative regulator proteins of the...Ch. 10 - Which negative regulatory molecule can trigger...Ch. 10 - are changes to the order of nucleotides in a...Ch. 10 - A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - A mutated gene that codes for an altered version...Ch. 10 - Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor that is...Ch. 10 - Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in...Ch. 10 - FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast a human somatic cell to a...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between a genome,...Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic chromosomes are thousands of times...Ch. 10 - Briefly describe the events that occur in each...Ch. 10 - Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine (derived...Ch. 10 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 10 - List some reasons why a cell that has just...Ch. 10 - What cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell...Ch. 10 - Describe the general conditions that must be met...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast the roles of the positive...Ch. 10 - What steps are necessary for Cdk to become fully...Ch. 10 - Rb is a negative regulator that blocks the cell...Ch. 10 - Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 10 - List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost...Ch. 10 - ______ can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - Name the common components of eukaryotic cell...Ch. 10 - Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is false about cyclin-cdk complexes? OCdk's do not have to bind to cyclin proteins for complex to be active. OCdk/cyclin complexes phosphorylates proteins required to trigger next cell cycle phase. Process acts as molecular brakes to ensure cell is ready to continue with cell cycle. O Cyclin concentrations increase gradually, but cdk must be phosphorylated by specific kinase for complex to be activearrow_forwardGenistein is a compound found in soybeans that is known to increase the expression of a protein called Bax in certain breast cancer cells. Outside of Cell Toxins TNF DNA Damage Tradd TraF2 p53 Fadd Bax Caspases Bd-2 IKB NF-KB Apoptosis Inside of Cell Based on the above diagram, would you expect ingestion of soybeans to promote, suppress or have no effect on the progression of breast cancer cells. Suppress progression of breast cancer cells Have no effect on progression of breast cancer cells Promote progression of breast cancer cells TNFRarrow_forwardA cell begins to undergo apoptosis due to stress. Which of the following are true about this cell? (select all that apply) The cell can exit apoptosis if the stressful factor is removed The cell has high levels of p53. The cell's DNA will inevitably degrade The cell may undergo mitosis before completing apoptosisarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is true? CDKs are produced in the cell only in the presence of specific cyclins CDKs are always present in the cell and are always active CDKs are always present in the cell, but are only active in the presence of a specific cyclinarrow_forwardB. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1. What are the proteins that determine the forward momentum of the cell cycle? 2. What essential nutrient (aside from protein) is needed so that the cycle may grow or develop? 3. What do you infer, in what conditions will the cell may advance the cell cycle? Explain briefly. CDK Activity G₁ G₁ Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for favorable environmental conditions and damaged DNA. DNA Replication Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for stalled replication machinery and damaged DNA. Time G₂ G₂ Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for unreplicated or damaged DNA. Metaphase Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks that all chromo- somes are attached to spindle microtubules.arrow_forwardThis TSG targets beta-catenin for degradation and inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway but when it is silenced, predisposes patients to Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and colorectal cancer. Group of answer choices APC WT1 p53 ARFarrow_forward
- please helparrow_forward// Which CDK and cyclin does p53 ultimately target in DNA damaged conditions? O CDK1/cyclin E O CDK2/cyclin E CDK1/cyclin B CDK2/cyclin Barrow_forwardWhich of the following would result in cell cycle arrest? O phosphorylation of Rb by G1-Cdk phosphorylation of p53 O phosphorylation of helicase by S-Cdk phosphorylation of M-Cdk by CAK phosphorylation of APC by M-Cdkarrow_forward
- When glucose is low and CAMP is present, CAMP's role is to O Activate catabolite activator protein (CAP) Activate RNA Polymerase Activate the repressor Deactivate the repressorarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true Ras becomes activated when it exchanges its GDP for GTP AKT phosphorylation results in an inactive Bcl2 MAP kinase is important for phosphorylating MAP kinase kinase PI-3 kinase phosphorylates an inositol phospholipid in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe figure below shows how normal signaling works with a Ras protein acting downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase. CYTOSOL active receptor tyrosine kinase Taratas THERI signal molecule 00 active signaling Q Search active Ras protein GTP 99+ Į SIGNALING Il app.honorlock.com is sharing your screen. ✡ active signaling protein Y aarrow_forward
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