Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 13PS
In a classic 1952 experiment, biologists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase labeled two batches of bacteriophages, one with radioactive sulfur (which only tags protein) and the other with radioactive phosphorus (which only tags DNA). In separate test tubes, they allowed each batch of phages to bind to nonradioactive bacteria and inject its DNA. After a few minutes, they separated the bacterial cells from the viral parts that remained outside the bacterial cells and measured the radioactivity of both portions. What results do you think they obtained? How would these results help them to determine which viral component—DNA or protein—was the infectious portion?
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Which of the following statements is true about a vector?a) Plasmids, phages can be used as vectorsb) All vectors are plasmidsc) Cyanobacteria can also be used as vectorsd) Fungi can also be used as vectors
Picture below shows the Hershey and Chase experiment. Identify where viral protein and viral DNA would be located by dragging the labels to the correct targets.
1 mL of a bacteriophage suspension is mixed with 20 mL of a bacterial culture and 50% of the phages adsorb. We know that the bacteriophage suspension had a concentration of 1x1010 viruses per mL, and the bacterial culture had a concentration of 3x108 bacteria per mL.
What fraction of the cells is multiple infected?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 10 - A molecule of DNA contains two polymer strands...Ch. 10 - Name the three parts of every nucleotide.Ch. 10 - Which of the following correctly ranks nucleic...Ch. 10 - A scientist inserts a radioactively labeled DNA...Ch. 10 - The nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GTA....Ch. 10 - Describe the process by which the information in a...Ch. 10 - Match the following molecules with the cellular...Ch. 10 - A geneticist finds that a particular mutation has...Ch. 10 - Scientists have discovered how to put together a...Ch. 10 - How do some viruses reproduce without ever having...
Ch. 10 - HIV requires an enzyme called _____ to convert its...Ch. 10 - A cell containing a single chromosome is placed in...Ch. 10 - In a classic 1952 experiment, biologists Alfred...Ch. 10 - Interpreting Data The graph below summarizes the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15BSCh. 10 - Prob. 16BSCh. 10 - Flu vaccines have been shown to be safe, are very...
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- You are attempting to propagate bacteriophage of Bacillus cereus using a liquid batch culture. A growing culture of B. cereus is inoculated with your bacteriophage. The day before you tested the bacteria and the phage batch and they both behaved as expected. You made sure that all containers are labeled appropriately. Immediately after inoculation, you take a sample but are unable to detect any bacteriophage in the media. What is the most likely explanation? O You used the wrong bacteria or the wrong bacteriophage. There is an issue with the phage batch. O There is a problem with your bacterial culture of B. cereus. O It is too soon. The bacteriophages are still replicating and assembling inside the bacterial cells and are therefore not detectable in the growth media.arrow_forwardThe question is: A patient has arrived at the doctor complaining of acute respiratory symptoms (cough, runny nose, fever). The patient explains to the doctor that he was at a concert the night before and shared a water bottle with a friend who had similar symptoms. The doctor tells the patient that he has a virus. a.) What form of replication do you think this virus does use? How do you know? b.) Can the doctor prescribe an antibiotic for this patient? Explain.arrow_forwardWhy is a webbed plate capable of producing a higher lysate titer (pfu/mL) than a cleared plate? a.) A webbed plate has plaques that have gone through more rounds of replication because the number of host cells did not limit phage replication, creating exponentially more phage particles b.) A webbed plate has no more host available for replication, meaning the plate is full of exponentially higher amounts of phage c.) A cleared plate has less bacteria than a webbed plate, so there are more plaques present d.) A cleared plate contains more phage than a webbed plate because it started with a more concentrated phage samplearrow_forward
- One mL of a bacteriophage suspension is mixed with 20 mL of a bacterialculture and 50% of the phages adsorb. We know that the bacteriophagesuspension had a concentration of 1x10^10 viruses per mL, and the bacterialculture had a concentration of 3x10^8 bacteria per mL. What fraction of the cells is uninfected?arrow_forwardWhich of the following terms describes bacteriophage DNA that has become integrated into the host cell chromosome? A) plasmid B) impolite phage C) transposon D) prophagearrow_forwardWhich of the statements is TRUE about conjugation? a) Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell b) It may only be performed by competent cells c) DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome d) It may be specialized or generalizedarrow_forward
- In an experiment, scientists grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE when one assay bacteriophage titers? You should: a) first mix the phages with a live bacterial culture and then pour the mixture on the agar plate b) directly add the phage dilution onto the surface of an agar plate c) add tryptic soy broth to the phage dilution and incubate overnight d) incubate a phage solution with live bacterial cells for several minutes. You must add soft agar to the mixture before pouring the content on the agar platearrow_forwardIf a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis, yields 185 viable viruses, how many phages will exist in a single plaque if 5 more lytic cycles occur? Express your answer using three significant figures (example: 1.11×10^3).arrow_forward
- One mL of a bacteriophage suspension is mixed with 20 mL of a bacterialculture and 50% of the phages adsorb. We know that the bacteriophagesuspension had a concentration of 1x10^10 viruses per mL, and the bacterialculture had a concentration of 3x10^8 bacteria per mL. How many viruses are adsorbed per cell (multiplicity of infection)?arrow_forwardA researcher is studying the rII locus of phage T4. FourrII− strains are obtained: A, B, C, and D. In the first experiment, E. coli strain K(λ) is coinfected with two rII− strains simultaneously and the results are recorded. Infection with A and B phage = lysis occurs Infection with A and C phage = lysis occurs Infection with B and C phage = no lysis occurs Infection with B and D phage = no lysis occurs Infection with C and D phage = no lysis occurs In a second experiment, coinfections are performed first in E. coli strain B, then the progeny phage are used to infect E. coli strain K(λ). Progeny of A and B phage = plaques form Progeny of B and C phage = plaques form Progeny of C and D phage = plaques form Progeny of B and D phage = no plaques from Which conclusions are consistent with these data? Why? A) Strains A and B carry mutations in the same gene. B) Strains B and D both carry the same mutation. C) Strains B, C, and D carry mutations in the same gene. D)…arrow_forwardAssume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.arrow_forward
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