Chemical Principles
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305581982
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 10, Problem 119AE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
An explanation is required for some of the ionic species having S0 value less that zero to be stated.
Concept Introduction :
The third law of
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Part II. Given two isomers: 2-methylpentane (A) and 2,2-dimethyl butane (B) answer the following:
(a) match structures of isomers given their mass spectra below (spectra A and spectra B)
(b) Draw the fragments given the following prominent peaks from
each spectrum:
Spectra A m/2 =43 and 1/2-57
spectra B m/2 = 43
(c) why is 1/2=57 peak in spectrum A more intense compared
to the same peak in spectrum B.
Relative abundance
Relative abundance
100
A
50
29
29
0
10
-0
-0
100
B
50
720
30
41
43
57
71
4-0
40
50
60 70
m/z
43
57
8-0
m/z = 86
M
90 100
71
m/z = 86
M
-O
0
10 20 30
40 50
60
70
80
-88
m/z
90
100
Part IV. C6H5 CH2CH2OH is an aromatic compound which was subjected to Electron Ionization - mass
spectrometry (El-MS) analysis. Prominent m/2 values: m/2 = 104 and m/2 = 9) was obtained.
Draw the structures of these fragments.
For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemical Principles
Ch. 10 - For the process A(l)A(g) , which direction is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2DQCh. 10 - Prob. 3DQCh. 10 - Prob. 4DQCh. 10 - Prob. 5DQCh. 10 - Prob. 6DQCh. 10 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 10 - Prob. 8DQCh. 10 - Prob. 9DQCh. 10 - At 1 atm, liquid water is heated above 100°C. For...
Ch. 10 - Prob. 11DQCh. 10 - Prob. 12ECh. 10 - Prob. 13ECh. 10 - Prob. 14ECh. 10 - Consider the following energy levels, each capable...Ch. 10 - Prob. 16ECh. 10 - Prob. 17ECh. 10 - Which of the following involve an increase in the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19ECh. 10 - Choose the substance with the larger positional...Ch. 10 - In the roll of two dice, what total number is the...Ch. 10 - Entropy can be calculated by a relationship...Ch. 10 - Calculate the energy required to change the...Ch. 10 - For nitrogen gas the values of CvandCp at 25°Care...Ch. 10 - Consider a rigid, insulated box containing 0.400...Ch. 10 - One mole of an ideal gas is contained in a...Ch. 10 - One mole of an ideal gas with a volume of 1.0 L...Ch. 10 - A cylinder with an initial volume of 10.0 L is...Ch. 10 - The molar heat capacities for carbon dioxide at...Ch. 10 - The molar entropy of helium gas at 25°C and 1.00...Ch. 10 - Consider the process A(l)A(g)75C155C which is...Ch. 10 - A sample of ice weighing 18.02 g, initially at...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change for a process in...Ch. 10 - Calculate the change in entropy that occurs...Ch. 10 - The synthesis of glucose directly from CO2andH2O...Ch. 10 - A green plant synthesizes glucose by...Ch. 10 - Entropy has been described as “time’s arrow.”...Ch. 10 - For a gas phase reaction, what do you concentrate...Ch. 10 - What determines Ssurr for a process? To calculate...Ch. 10 - Predict the sign of Ssurr for the following...Ch. 10 - Calculate Ssurr for the following reactions at...Ch. 10 - For each of the following pairs of substances,...Ch. 10 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 10 - Prob. 44ECh. 10 - Prob. 45ECh. 10 - For the reaction CS2(g)+3O2(g)CO2(g)+2SO2(g) S is...Ch. 10 - For the reaction C2H2(g)+4F2(g)2CF4(g)+H2(g) S is...Ch. 10 - Ethanethiol ( C2H5SH ; also called ethyl...Ch. 10 - For mercury at 1 atm, the enthalpy of vaporization...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol is 38.7...Ch. 10 - For ammonia (NH3) the enthalpy of fusion is 5.65...Ch. 10 - It is quite common for a solid to change from one...Ch. 10 - As O2(l) is cooled at 1 atm, it freezes at 54.5 K...Ch. 10 - Prob. 54ECh. 10 - The value of G for the reaction...Ch. 10 - Of the functions H,S,andG , which dependsmost...Ch. 10 - For the reaction at 29° K, 2NO2(g)N2O4(g) the...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction 2POCl3(g)2PCl3(g)+O2(g) a....Ch. 10 - Consider two reactions for the production of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 61ECh. 10 - Prob. 62ECh. 10 - When most biological enzymes are heated, they...Ch. 10 - For the reaction 2O(g)O2(g) a. predict the signs...Ch. 10 - Hydrogen cyanide is produced industrially by the...Ch. 10 - A reaction at constant T and P is spontaneous as...Ch. 10 - G predicts spontaneity for a reaction at constant...Ch. 10 - Using thermodynamic data from Appendix 4,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 69ECh. 10 - Using data from Appendix 4, calculate G for...Ch. 10 - Prob. 71ECh. 10 - One of the reactions that destroys ozone in the...Ch. 10 - Hydrogen sulfide can be removed from natural gas...Ch. 10 - Consider the autoionization of water at 25°C:...Ch. 10 - How can one estimate the value of K at...Ch. 10 - The standard free energies of formation and the...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 10 - Prob. 78ECh. 10 - Consider the following reaction at 800. K:...Ch. 10 - Consider the following reaction at 298 K:...Ch. 10 - For the reaction A(g)+2B(g)C(g) the initial...Ch. 10 - Consider the following diagram of free energy (G)...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for H2O(g)+12O2(g)H2O2(g) at600. K,...Ch. 10 - Cells use the hydrolysis of adenosine...Ch. 10 - Carbon monoxide is toxic because it bonds much...Ch. 10 - One reaction that occurs in human metabolism is...Ch. 10 - At 25.0°C, for the reaction 2NO2(g)N2O4(g) the...Ch. 10 - Consider the relationship ln(K)=HRT+SR The...Ch. 10 - a. Use the equation in Exercise 88 to determine H...Ch. 10 - The equilibrium constant K for the reaction...Ch. 10 - The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction...Ch. 10 - A sample of a monatomic ideal gas at 1.00 atm...Ch. 10 - A sample of 1.75 moles of H2(Cv=20.5JK-1mol-1) at...Ch. 10 - A 1.50-mole sample of an ideal gas is allowed to...Ch. 10 - Consider 1.00 mole of CO2(g) at 300. K and 5.00...Ch. 10 - Prob. 96ECh. 10 - A mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas...Ch. 10 - When the environment is contaminated by a toxic...Ch. 10 - If you calculate a value for G for a reaction...Ch. 10 - Given the following illustration, what can be said...Ch. 10 - Some water is placed in a coffee cup calorimeter....Ch. 10 - Using Appendix 4 and the following data, determine...Ch. 10 - Prob. 103AECh. 10 - Human DNA contains almost twice as much...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization of chloroform (CHCl3)...Ch. 10 - Two crystalline forms of white phosphorus are...Ch. 10 - Monochloroethane (C2H5Cl) can be produced by...Ch. 10 - Acrylonitrile is the starting material used in the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 109AECh. 10 - Many biochemical reactions that occur in cells...Ch. 10 - Consider the following reaction at 35°C:...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) where...Ch. 10 - At 1500 K the process I2(g)2I(g)10atm10atm is not...Ch. 10 - Using the following data, calculate the value of...Ch. 10 - Sodium chloride is added to water (at 25°C) until...Ch. 10 - Prob. 116AECh. 10 - Prob. 117AECh. 10 - The deciding factor on why HF is a weak acid and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 119AECh. 10 - Calculate the entropy change for the vaporization...Ch. 10 - The standard entropy values (S°) for...Ch. 10 - Calculate the values of S and G for each of the...Ch. 10 - Calculate the changes in free energy, enthalpy,...Ch. 10 - Consider the isothermal expansion of 1.00 mole of...Ch. 10 - A 1.00-mole sample of an ideal gas in a vessel...Ch. 10 - One mole of an ideal gas with a volume of 6.67 L...Ch. 10 - Which of the following reactions (or processes)...Ch. 10 - For rubidium Hvap=69.0kJ/mol at 686°C, its...Ch. 10 - Given the thermodynamic data below, calculate S...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction: H2S(g)+SO2(g)3S(g)+2H2O(l)...Ch. 10 - The following reaction occurs in pure water:...Ch. 10 - Consider the dissociation of a weak acid HA...Ch. 10 - Consider the reaction: PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)PCl5(g) a....Ch. 10 - The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction...Ch. 10 - Consider a 2.00-mole sample of Ar at 2.00 atm...Ch. 10 - Prob. 136CPCh. 10 - One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal...Ch. 10 - At least some of what is in the following quoted...Ch. 10 - You have a 1.00-L sample of hot water (90.°C)...Ch. 10 - Consider two perfectly insulated vessels. Vessel 1...Ch. 10 - If wet silver carbonate is dried in a stream of...Ch. 10 - Consider a weak acid HX. If a 0.10 M solution of...Ch. 10 - Using data from Appendix 4, calculate H , G , and...Ch. 10 - One mole of a monatomic ideal gas (for which...Ch. 10 - Consider the system A(g)B(g) a. 25°C. a. Assuming...Ch. 10 - Liquid water at 25°C is introduced into an...Ch. 10 - Consider 1.00 mole of an ideal gas that is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 148CPCh. 10 - Consider the reaction 2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g) a. Using...Ch. 10 - Prob. 150CPCh. 10 - Prob. 151CPCh. 10 - Consider the following Cp values for N2(g) :...Ch. 10 - Benzene (C6H6) has a melting point of 5.5°C and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 154MPCh. 10 - Prob. 155MP
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