Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Lewis structure and electron geometry of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis model represents the molecules by the electron dot model which is based on the octet rule.
While writing the Lewis structure of a covalent molecule these steps are followed:
First correct skeleton is written for the molecule
Total number of valence electrons are calculated
Distribution of total number of valence electrons in such a way that it completes the octet configuration of all the constituent atoms.
If any atom lacks the octet configuration the double or triple bonds are added.
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and Lewis model helps in determining the shape of the molecule.
The molecular geometry of a molecule can be determined by consider the total number of electron groups, the number of bonding groups and the number of lone pairs.
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Introductory Chemistry (5th Edition) (Standalone Book)
- Best Lewis Formula and Molecular Geometry A student writes the Lewis electron-dot formula for the carbonate anion, CO32, as a Does this Lewis formula obey the octet rule? Explain. What are the formal charges on the atoms? Try describing the bonding for this formula in valence bond terms. Do you have any difficulty doing this? b Does this Lewis formula give a reasonable description of the electron structure, or is there a better one? If there is a better Lewis formula, write it down and explain why it is better. c The same student writes the following resonance description for CO2: Is there something wrong with this description? (What would you predict as the geometries of these formulas?) d Is one or the other formula a better description? Could a value for the dipole moment help you decide? e Can you write a Lewis formula that gives an even better description of CO2? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardBond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardNitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.arrow_forward
- There are two main types of covalent bond breakage. In ho-molytic breakage , each atom in the bond gets one of the shared electrons. In some cases, the electronega-tivity of adjacent atoms affects the bond energy. In heterolytic breakage, one atom gets both electrons and the other gets none;thus, a cation and an anion form. (a) Why is the C−C bond in H₃C−CF₃(423 kJ/mol) strongerthan that in H₃C−CH₃(376 kJ/mol)?(b) Use bond energy and any other data to calculate the heat ofreaction for the heterolytic cleavage of O₂.arrow_forwardSelect the best Lewis structure for P2I4, predict the electron group arrangement of each central atom and the shape of this molecule.arrow_forwardSulfuric acid is the industrial chemical produced in greatest quantity worldwide. About 90 billion pounds are produced each year in the United States alone. Write the Lewis structure for sulfuric acid, H2SO4, which has twooxygen atoms and two OH groups bonded to the sulfur.arrow_forward
- Write a Lewis structure for the NO3 - ion. Include resonance structures?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for the hypochlorite ion, ClO-arrow_forwardDraw the best Lewis dot structure for BrO₄⁻, being sure to give the electronic geometry, molecular geometry, hybridization of the central element, polarity, and bond angle around the central element.arrow_forward
- The element vibranium (Vb) reacts with pandemonium (Pn) to generate a covalent PnVb4 molecule. If a pandemonium atom has 8 valence electrons and each vibranium atom has 7 valence electrons, draw the Lewis structure of PbVb4. What is the molecular geometry of the PbVb4 molecule? Pn is the central atom.arrow_forwardWrite the lewis structure for Na2Cl2. Which element violoated the octet rule?arrow_forwardIn developing a Lewis structure for NO +, the nitroxonium ion, how many valence electrons must you account for?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning