Chapter 10, Problem 10.8P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the reaction is to be drawn including curved arrows.

Concept introduction:

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction mechanism consist of the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the leaving group with a nucleophile in a given compound. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction mechanism involves the attack of nucleophile from the backside of the carbon atom.

Enolates can act as a nucleophile in an ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction. An enolate is formed when an alpha hydrogen atom in aldehydes and ketones is abstracted by a base. Then the reaction of this enolate anion formed with an alkyl halide yields the substitution of the alkyl group at the alpha carbon atom. Strong bases such as sodium hydride or sodium amide are used to abstract the alpha hydrogen atom.