Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021510
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Kenneth Goldsby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 10.102QP
Referring to Table 9.4, explain why the bond enthalpy for Cl2 is greater than that for F2. (Hint: The bond lengths of F2 and Cl2 are 142 pm and 199 pm, respectively.)
Table 9.4 Some Bond Enthalpies of Diatomic Molecules* and Average Bond Enthalpies for Bonds in Polyatomic Molecules
*Bond enthalpies for diatomic molecules (in color) have more significant figures than bond enthalpies for bonds in polyatomic molecules, because the bond enthalpies of diatomic molecules are directly measurable quantities and not averaged over many compounds.
† The C═O bond enthalpy in CO2 is 799 kJ/mol.
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The table below includes the bond enthalpy (the energy required to separate the diatomic molecule into its atoms) and the bond length for each diatomic molecule.
Diatomic Molecule
Bond Enthalpy (kJ/mol)
Bond Length (pm)
Cl2
243
199
O2
498
121
N2
945
110
Identify the observed trend between bond enthalpy and number of shared electrons: as the number of electrons shared between two atoms increases, the bond enthalpy ( increases / decreases / remains unchanged ).
Identify the observed trend between bond length and number of shared electrons: as the number of electrons shared between two atoms increases, the bond length ( increases / decreases / remains unchanged ).
A scientist studies the bond energies of different compounds containing nitrogen (N). The scientist observes that the N–N bonds in one group of compounds have a bond energy of 209 kJ/mol, while the N–N bonds in another group of compounds have a bond energy of 418 kJ/mol. In one or two sentences, postulate a reason for this difference.
In chemical reactions, heat is converted into chemical energy (the potential energy stored
in chemical bonds) or vice versa. Bond energy is the energy required to break one mole of
the bond in the gas phase. Since it takes energy to break a bond, bond energies are
always positive. Conversely, energy is released when bonds are formed. Thus, the
enthalpy change for a reaction can be approximated from
Part A
Calculate the bond energy per mole for breaking all the bonds in methane, CH4.
ΔΗ
Σ(ΔΗ breaking) + Σ(ΔΗ forming)
Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.
where H represents bond energies for the breaking (positive bond energy) or forming
(negative bond energy) of a bond and Hrxn represents the overall enthalpy for the
• View Available Hint(s)
reaction.
Use the table to answer questions about bond energies.
HẢ
Bond energy
Bond
(kJ/mol )
Value
Units
AHCH, =
C-C
347
C=C
611
Submit
Сн
414
C-O
360
Part B
C=OinCO2
799
O-0
142
Calculate the bond…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry
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