Chemistry: Structure and Properties
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321834683
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 97E
Identify each statement as being most like an observation, a law, or a theory.
- All coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides each day.
- The tides in Earth’s oceans are caused mainly by the gravitational attraction of the moon
- Yesterday, high tide in San Francisco Bay occurred at 2:43 a.m. and 3:07 p.m.
- Tides are higher at the full moon and new moon than at other times of the month.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
There are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches underneath it show three different changes to the sample.
You must decide whether each of these changes is possible. If a change is possible, you must also decide whether it is a physical change or a chemical change.
Each sketch is drawn as if the sample were under a microscope so powerful that individual atoms could be seen. Also, you should assume that you can see the
entire sample, and that the sample is in a sealed box, so that no matter can enter or leave.
Sample of Substance X
Change 1
Change 1 is
O impossible
O
O a chemical change
a physical change
Change 2
Change 2 is:
impossible
O a physical change
O a chemical change
Change 3
000 000
Change 3 is:
O impossible
O a physical change
O a chemical change
X
I dont know how to do number 2b
The movie below shows some molecules in a tiny sample of a mixture of gases.
12345 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
||||||||||||||||||I
Drag the slider to see how the molecules move.
Does a chemical reaction happen during this
movie?
If a chemical reaction does happen, write a
balanced chemical equation for it.
П
yes
no
carbon
nitrogen
chlorine
key
hydrogen
oxygen
bromine
X
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Ch. 1 - Which statement is true about matter? a) Matter is...Ch. 1 - A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a...Ch. 1 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 1 - A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has...Ch. 1 - Which concept was demostrated by Rutherford’s gold...Ch. 1 - A student re-creates Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 1 - An isotope of an element contains 82 protons and...Ch. 1 - How many electrons are in the Cr3+ ion? 24...Ch. 1 - A naturally occurring sample of an element...
Ch. 1 - Copper has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and two...Ch. 1 - Which sample contains the greatest number of...Ch. 1 - Explain this statement in your own words and give...Ch. 1 - Explain the main goal of chemistry.Ch. 1 - What are two different ways to classify matter?Ch. 1 - How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a pure substance...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between an element and a...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a...Ch. 1 - Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1 - What observations did Antoine Lavoisier make? What...Ch. 1 - What theory did John Dalton formulate?Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the expression, “That is just a...Ch. 1 - Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How was...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14ECh. 1 - State and explain the law of definite proportions.Ch. 1 - State and explain the law of multiple proportions....Ch. 1 - What are the main ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory?...Ch. 1 - How and by whom was the electron discovered? What...Ch. 1 - Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how it...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20ECh. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. How...Ch. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom....Ch. 1 - If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested by...Ch. 1 - List the three subatomic particles that compose...Ch. 1 - What defines an element?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between Z (the atomic...Ch. 1 - Where do elements get their names?Ch. 1 - What are isotopes? What is percent natural...Ch. 1 - Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - Prob. 31ECh. 1 - Explain how a mass spectrometer works. What kind...Ch. 1 - Each shape represents a type of particle (such as...Ch. 1 - Using triangles to represent one type of atom and...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - Complete the table. Substance Pure or mixture Type...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 1 - Two samples of carbon tetrachloride are decomposed...Ch. 1 - Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into...Ch. 1 - The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium...Ch. 1 - Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium...Ch. 1 - Two different compounds containing osmium and...Ch. 1 - Palladium forms three different compounds with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 53ECh. 1 - Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Rutherford’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 1 - A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 1 - Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form XA (e g., C-13)...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form ZAX for each...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - The amount of carbon-14 in ancient artifacts and...Ch. 1 - Uranium-235 is used in nuclear fission. Determine...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with...Ch. 1 - Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 amu, and its...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of copper is 63.546 amu. Do any...Ch. 1 - An element has two naturally occurring isotopes....Ch. 1 - An element has four naturally occuring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of europium shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of rubidium shown here to...Ch. 1 - A 7.83-g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H and...Ch. 1 - The ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass in SO2 is...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of lead shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of mercury shown here to...Ch. 1 - Nuclei with the same number of neutrons but...Ch. 1 - Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol z...Ch. 1 - Silver is composed of two naturally occurring...Ch. 1 - To the right is a representation of 50 atoms of a...Ch. 1 - The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen by mass in NO2 is...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring cobalt consists of only one...Ch. 1 - A 7.36-g sample of copper is contaminated with an...Ch. 1 - The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of N in...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring magnesium has an atomic mass...Ch. 1 - A volatile liquid (one that readily evaporates) is...Ch. 1 - The diagram to the right represents solid carbon...Ch. 1 - Use triangles to represent atoms of element A and...Ch. 1 - Identify each statement as being most like an...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.arrow_forwardName two halogens. Look up each of your choices in a dictionary, in a book such as The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, or on the Internet, and make a list of their properties. Also list any uses of each element that are given by the source.arrow_forwardIdentify the following as either physical changes or chemical changes. (a) The desalination of sea water (separation of pure water from dissolved salts). (b) The formation of SO2 (an air pollutant) when coal containingsulfur is burned. (c) Silver tarnishes. (d) Iron is heated to red heatarrow_forward
- Which of the following represent physical properties or changes, and which represent chemical properties or changes? You curl your hair with a curling iron. You curl your hair by getting a “permanent wave” at the hair salon. Ice on your sidewalk melts when you put salt on it. A glass of water evaporates overnight when it is left on the bedside table. Your steak chars if the skillet is too hot. Alcohol feels cool when it is spilled on the skin. Alcohol ignites when a flame is brought near it. Baking powder causes biscuits to rise.arrow_forwardThe mass of magnesium used in this experiment is critical to determining the moles of hydrogen gas generated. The analytical balances used in Chemistry 1A labs are very sensitive to point that touching materials with your fingers before measuring them can affect the measurements. The balances are sensitive enough to detect dirt and oils from your fingers transferred to the magnesium. Would your experimental value of R increase or decrease if the mass of magnesium measured was artificially high due the touching it with your hands? Increase Decreasearrow_forwardThere are four sketches below. The first sketch shows a sample of Substance X. The three sketches underneath it show three different changes to the sample. You must decide whether each of these changes is possible. If a change is possible, you must also decide whether it is a physical change or a chemical change.arrow_forward
- You are doing a lab on Charles Law and determining if the law is valid or not. However, you are seeing a big error and your data don’t agree with the outcome of your experimental results. Your professor says Charles was right and you are wrong. Attribute TWO possible errors you might have committedarrow_forwardPart A- Determining Density and Using Density to Determine Volume or Mass Platinum, Pt, is one of the rarest metals. Worldwide annual production is only about 130 tons. Platinum has a density of 21.4 g/cm³. If thieves were to steal platinum from a bank using a small truck with a maximum payload of 900 lb, how many 1 L bars of the metal could they take? O 1 bars O 2 bars O 19 bars O 42 bars O 47 bars Submit Request Answer Provide Feedbackarrow_forwardIdentify statement as being most like an observation, a law, or a theory. Yesterday, high tide in San Francisco Bay occurred at 2:43A.M. and 3:07P.M.arrow_forward
- The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing over the past century as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas). Carbon dioxide is a green- house gas that plays a significant role in climate. The increase in carbon dioxide is correlated with changes in climate that have climate scientists concerned. The graph shown here illustrates the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1860 to the present. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. 410 400 390 380 370+ 360+ 350 - 340 + 330+ 320+ 310+ 300 290 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Year A Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration from 1850 to present. By how much did the level of carbon dioxide (in ppmv) increase between 1880 and the present day? Carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million by volume)arrow_forwardThe amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing over the past century as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas). Carbon dioxide is a green- house gas that plays a significant role in climate. The increase in carbon dioxide is correlated with changes in climate that have climate scientists concerned. The graph shown here illustrates the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from 1860 to the present. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. 410 400 390 380 370+ 360+ 350 - 340 + 330+ 320+ 310+ 300 290 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Year A Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration from 1850 to present. Determine the percentage average yearly increase in atmospheric CO, from 1960 to the present day. Carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million by volume)arrow_forwardThe atomic masses of chlorine-35 (75.780%) and chlorine-37 (24.220%) are 34.969 amu and 36.966 amu, respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine. The percentages in parentheses denote the relative abundances. Write the mass to correct significant figures followed by amu.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dggHWvFJ8Xs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY