Chemistry: Structure and Properties
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321834683
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 41E
Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory.
- All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
- When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents do not change.
- In
chemical reactions , matter is neither created nor destroyed. - When a match burns, heat is released.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Ch. 1 - Which statement is true about matter? a) Matter is...Ch. 1 - A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a...Ch. 1 - Two samples of a compound containing elements A...Ch. 1 - A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen has...Ch. 1 - Which concept was demostrated by Rutherford’s gold...Ch. 1 - A student re-creates Millikan’s oil drop...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 1 - An isotope of an element contains 82 protons and...Ch. 1 - How many electrons are in the Cr3+ ion? 24...Ch. 1 - A naturally occurring sample of an element...
Ch. 1 - Copper has an atomic mass of 63.55 amu and two...Ch. 1 - Which sample contains the greatest number of...Ch. 1 - Explain this statement in your own words and give...Ch. 1 - Explain the main goal of chemistry.Ch. 1 - What are two different ways to classify matter?Ch. 1 - How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a pure substance...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between an element and a...Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a...Ch. 1 - Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9ECh. 1 - What observations did Antoine Lavoisier make? What...Ch. 1 - What theory did John Dalton formulate?Ch. 1 - What is wrong with the expression, “That is just a...Ch. 1 - Summarize the history of the atomic idea. How was...Ch. 1 - Prob. 14ECh. 1 - State and explain the law of definite proportions.Ch. 1 - State and explain the law of multiple proportions....Ch. 1 - What are the main ideas in Dalton’s atomic theory?...Ch. 1 - How and by whom was the electron discovered? What...Ch. 1 - Explain Millikan’s oil drop experiment and how it...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20ECh. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. How...Ch. 1 - Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom....Ch. 1 - If matter is mostly empty space, as suggested by...Ch. 1 - List the three subatomic particles that compose...Ch. 1 - What defines an element?Ch. 1 - Explain the difference between Z (the atomic...Ch. 1 - Where do elements get their names?Ch. 1 - What are isotopes? What is percent natural...Ch. 1 - Describe the two different notations used to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 30ECh. 1 - Prob. 31ECh. 1 - Explain how a mass spectrometer works. What kind...Ch. 1 - Each shape represents a type of particle (such as...Ch. 1 - Using triangles to represent one type of atom and...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Classify each substance as a pure substance or a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 37ECh. 1 - Complete the table. Substance Pure or mixture Type...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Determine whether each molecular diagram...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - Classify each statement as an observation, a law,...Ch. 1 - A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon...Ch. 1 - When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of...Ch. 1 - Two samples of carbon tetrachloride are decomposed...Ch. 1 - Two samples of sodium chloride are decomposed into...Ch. 1 - The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium...Ch. 1 - Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium...Ch. 1 - Two different compounds containing osmium and...Ch. 1 - Palladium forms three different compounds with...Ch. 1 - Prob. 53ECh. 1 - Sulfur and fluorine form several different...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with Dalton’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are consistent with Rutherford’s...Ch. 1 - Which statements are inconsistent with...Ch. 1 - A chemist in an imaginary universe, where...Ch. 1 - Imagine a unit of charge called the zorg. A...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Which statements about subatomic particles are...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form XA (e g., C-13)...Ch. 1 - Write isotopic symbols in the form ZAX for each...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - The amount of carbon-14 in ancient artifacts and...Ch. 1 - Uranium-235 is used in nuclear fission. Determine...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Determine the number of protons and the number of...Ch. 1 - Gallium has two naturally occurring isotopes with...Ch. 1 - Magnesium has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of fluorine is 18.998 amu, and its...Ch. 1 - The atomic mass of copper is 63.546 amu. Do any...Ch. 1 - An element has two naturally occurring isotopes....Ch. 1 - An element has four naturally occuring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Silicon has three naturally occurring isotopes...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of europium shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of rubidium shown here to...Ch. 1 - A 7.83-g sample of HCN contains 0.290 g of H and...Ch. 1 - The ratio of sulfur to oxygen by mass in SO2 is...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of lead shown here to...Ch. 1 - Use the mass spectrum of mercury shown here to...Ch. 1 - Nuclei with the same number of neutrons but...Ch. 1 - Fill in the blanks to complete the table. Symbol z...Ch. 1 - Silver is composed of two naturally occurring...Ch. 1 - To the right is a representation of 50 atoms of a...Ch. 1 - The ratio of oxygen to nitrogen by mass in NO2 is...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring cobalt consists of only one...Ch. 1 - A 7.36-g sample of copper is contaminated with an...Ch. 1 - The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of N in...Ch. 1 - Naturally occurring magnesium has an atomic mass...Ch. 1 - A volatile liquid (one that readily evaporates) is...Ch. 1 - The diagram to the right represents solid carbon...Ch. 1 - Use triangles to represent atoms of element A and...Ch. 1 - Identify each statement as being most like an...
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