Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305862807
Author: GRAVETTER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 1, Problem 8P
8. 2 and age 4 compared to children who drank whole or 2% milk (Scharf, Demmer, and DeBoer, 2013). Is this an example of an experimental or a nonexperimental study?
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Statistics Question
Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will ask runners if they drank water or a sports drink during the race, along with whether or not they suffered any cramps. Is this an observational study or experiment?
One-way ANOVA tests were performed to examine the effect of sleep deprivation
(24, 36, 48 hours) on appetite (Study 1) and memory (Study 2). The SS between was
larger in Study 1 than in Study 2. The SS total was smaller in Study 1 than in Study 2.
Using n², in which study will the effect size be larger?
Study 1
Study 2
There is not enough information to answer this question
Chapter 1 Solutions
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version
Ch. 1 - A researcher interested in the texting habits of...Ch. 1 - 2. Define the terms population, sample, parameter...Ch. 1 - WW3. Statistical methods are classified into two...Ch. 1 - Define the concept of sampling error and explain...Ch. 1 - Describe the data for a correlational research...Ch. 1 - Describe how the goal of an experimental research...Ch. 1 - Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009) conducted an...Ch. 1 - 8. 2 and age 4 compared to children who drank...Ch. 1 - Gentile, Lynch, Linder, and Walsh (2004) surveyed...Ch. 1 - 10. Weinstein, McDermott, and Roediger (2010)...
Ch. 1 - A research study reports that alcohol consumption...Ch. 1 - 12. In an experiment examining the effects Tai Chi...Ch. 1 - A tax form asks people to identify their annual...Ch. 1 - Four scales of measurement were introduced in this...Ch. 1 - Knight and Haslam (2010) found that office workers...Ch. 1 - 16. Explain why honesty is a hypothetical...Ch. 1 - Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational...Ch. 1 - 18 . 18. For the following scores, find the value...Ch. 1 - 19. For the following scores, find the value of...Ch. 1 - 20. For the following scores, find the value of...Ch. 1 - Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n =...Ch. 1 - 22. Use summation notation to express each of the...Ch. 1 - 23. For the following set of scores, find the...
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- 6. Binge-watching a television show might not be the best way to enjoy a television series (Horvath et al., 2017). Participants in an experiment were in a group that either watched an entire tv series during daily one-hour sessions or watched all the episodes during a single binge session. Participants were asked to rate their enjoyment of the t.v. series on a scale of 0-100. Data like those observed by the author are listed below: Binge-watched 87 Daily-watched 84 71 100 73 87 86 97 78 92 a. Is there a difference in the level of enjoyment based on whether the series was binge-watched or watched on a daily basis? Use a two-tailed test at the a = 0.05 level of significance? b. Do the data analysis in SPSS in addition to your hand calculations. Attach a printout of your results.arrow_forwardJudge and Cable (2010) found that thin women had higher incomes than heavier women. Is this an exam- ple of an experimental or a nonexperimental study?arrow_forwardOne study of cell phones and the risk of brain cancer looked at a group of 469 people who have brain cancer. The investigators then asked about the use of cell phones. Result: “Our data suggest that the use of hand- held cellular phones is not associated with risk of brain cancer. B . Based on this study, can you determine that cellular use does not CAUSE brain cancer? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- It turns out that the survey study at the U of M sampled students from a single student residence hall. Explain why sampling students from a single residence hall would have an impact on the external validity of the study.arrow_forwardWhat causes us to overeat? One surprising factor might be the material of the plate on which our food is served. Williamson, Block, and Keller (2016) gave participants two donuts each and measured the amount of food that was wasted by each participant. In an independent-samples design, participants received their donuts either on a disposable paper plate or on a reusable plastic plate. Data like those observed by the authors are listed below. Paper Plate (Grams of Wasted Food) Plastic Plate (Grams of Wasted Food) 37 34 35 31 34 36 36 30 40 34 34 33 33 37 39 29 Test the hypothesis that participants who received donuts on a paper plate wasted more food than participants who were served donuts on a plastic, reusable plate. Use , two-tailed. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the size of the mean difference. Write the results as they would appear in a scientific journal article.arrow_forward1) Soda consumption is very common in the U.S. For the purposes of this question, assume that 30% of the population consumes the equivalent of 3 or more 12 oz. sodas per week (this is the prevalence of the exposure). A large multi-center cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between soda consumption and risk of diabetes. At baseline, participants were asked about their typical soda consumption, and individuals who reported consuming 3 or more sodas per week were considered exposed. Participants were followed for 10 years, and the following results were obtained: Incident Cases of Diabetes 356 236 Person-Years Contributed 3+ sodas a week 375234 <3 sodas a week 399763 a) Name the appropriate measure of association corresponding to the excess rate of diabetes attributable to soda consumption among subjects who consume 3+ sodas per week. Calculate this measure (shown as a rate, using the correct units), and provide a brief interpretation of your answer b) Calculate the…arrow_forward
- state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case. Do Left-Handers Die Earlier? According to a study published in the Journal of the American Public Health Association,lefthanded people do not die at an earlier age than right-handed people, contrary to the conclusion of a highly publicized report done 2 years earlier. The investigation involved a 6-year study of 3800 people in East Boston older than age 65.Researchers at Harvard University and the National Institute of Aging found that the “lefties” and “righties” died at exactly the same rate. “There was no difference, period,” said Dr. J. Guralnik, an epidemiologist at the institute and one of the coauthors of the report.arrow_forwardDoes posting calorie content for menu items affectpeople’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh(2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitoredthe calorie content of food purchases for children andadolescents in four large fast-food chains before andafter mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing thecalorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect ontheir choices. Data similar to the results obtained showan average of M = 786 calories per meal with s =85 for n =100 children and adolescents before thelabeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calorieswith s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after themandatory posting.a. Use a two-tailed test with a = .05 to determinewhether the mean number of calories after theposting is significantly different than before caloriecontent was posted.b. Calculate r2to measure effect size for the mean difference.arrow_forwardA researcher collects data from a sample of children with Crohn's disease and then compares that data to data collected from a sample of children without the disease. What type of study design is the researcher using for this study? Cohort Cross-sectional Quasi-experimental Case-Controlarrow_forward
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