Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305862807
Author: GRAVETTER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 1, Problem 6P
Describe how the goal of an experimental research
study is different from the goal for nonexperimental or
are necessary for an experiment to achieve its goal.
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Describe how the goal of an experimental research
study is different from the goal for nonexperimental or
correlational research. Identify the two elements that
are necessary for an experiment to achieve its goal.
Describe the data for a correlational research study.Explain how these data are different from the data obtained in experimental and nonexperimental studies, which also evaluate relationships between two variables.
A researcher would like to evaluate the claim that drinking large quantities of water can help prevent the common cold. One group of participants drinks 8 glasses of water every day, and a second group drinks 2 glasses of water every day. The researcher records the number of colds each individual experiences during the 4-month winter season.
what is the independent variable?
what research method is being used experimental or correlational?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Loose-leaf Version
Ch. 1 - A researcher interested in the texting habits of...Ch. 1 - 2. Define the terms population, sample, parameter...Ch. 1 - WW3. Statistical methods are classified into two...Ch. 1 - Define the concept of sampling error and explain...Ch. 1 - Describe the data for a correlational research...Ch. 1 - Describe how the goal of an experimental research...Ch. 1 - Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009) conducted an...Ch. 1 - 8. 2 and age 4 compared to children who drank...Ch. 1 - Gentile, Lynch, Linder, and Walsh (2004) surveyed...Ch. 1 - 10. Weinstein, McDermott, and Roediger (2010)...
Ch. 1 - A research study reports that alcohol consumption...Ch. 1 - 12. In an experiment examining the effects Tai Chi...Ch. 1 - A tax form asks people to identify their annual...Ch. 1 - Four scales of measurement were introduced in this...Ch. 1 - Knight and Haslam (2010) found that office workers...Ch. 1 - 16. Explain why honesty is a hypothetical...Ch. 1 - Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational...Ch. 1 - 18 . 18. For the following scores, find the value...Ch. 1 - 19. For the following scores, find the value of...Ch. 1 - 20. For the following scores, find the value of...Ch. 1 - Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n =...Ch. 1 - 22. Use summation notation to express each of the...Ch. 1 - 23. For the following set of scores, find the...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardFind an interesting instance where two variables are strongly correlated, but share no causal link. Explain the situation, describe the variables, and explain why it doesn't make sense for the data to be correlated.arrow_forwardIf the omitted variable is negatively correlated with the treatment and has a positive impact on the outcome, the true causal effect is bigger than the estimated effect. Blank 1: enter "True" or "False" Blank 2: explain briefly (1-3 lines).arrow_forward
- How can you verify whether the linear correlation between two variables in a scatterplot is significant?arrow_forward. Differentiate between correlation vs. causation. When two variables are correlated (such as strength and running speed), they are associated with one another. Explain how, even if there is a correlation between the two, one might not cause the other. Provide an example of an association between variables where a causal relationship makes sense conceptually. Why can't correlations be used as a tool to prove a causal relationship between variables rather than just an association?arrow_forwardA hospital found that a lower outside temperature indicates a higher number of patient visits. What can we determine from this information? There is no correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. There is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. However, there is no causation. This is because there is an increase in the number of patient visits with a decrease in the temperature outside. There is a correlation between outside temperature and number of patient visits. There may or may not be causation. Further studies would have to be done to determine this.arrow_forward
- If you are conducting a study on the academic performance of students who are registered members of any of the university's sports and cultural clubs. A colleague has suggested that it is better for you to utilise secondary data for your study. Do you agree with her suggestion? Justify your responsearrow_forwardWhat is correlation in regards to psychology?arrow_forwardRondale notices that the best bowlers in his bowling league tend to be very outgoing. To test this hypothesis, he records everyone’s average bowling scores and asks them fill out a questionnaire to measure their extroversion scores. He then statistically analyzes the relationship between these 2 variables. What kind of study design did Rondale use? Group of answer choices A. Descriptive B. Experimental C. Case D. Correlationalarrow_forward
- Unlike with an experimental study, the variables in a correlational study are not manipulated by the researcher. True Falsearrow_forwardAn experiment was conducted into various phobias, by the department of Psychology at Lowlands University. One hundred subjects were shown pictures of things that typically induce fear (spiders, violence, extreme heights, bloody wounds etc). They were then asked how frightened they were. State whether or not the data is suitable for analysis using correlation and regression, and explain fully why you have reached that conclusion. Observation Not frightened A little frightened Frightened Terrified 1 Spiders 2 Zombies 3 Blood 4 House fire 5 Clowns 6 Vampires 7 Explosions 8 Surgeries 9 Exam rooms 10 Job centresarrow_forwardIdentifying individuals with a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease usually involves a long series of cognitive tests. However, researchers have developed a 7-Minute Screen, which is a quick and easy way to accomplish the same goal. To assess if the 7-Minute Screen is as effective as the complete series of tests, a researcher administered both tests to a group of ten patients and got a correlation coefficient of 0.84. How do you interpret this coefficient? a. There is a strong positive association between these tests. b. There is a negative association between these tests. c. There is a significant association between these tests. d. There is no association between these tests.arrow_forward
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