Chemistry in Context
Chemistry in Context
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522975
Author: American Chemical Society
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1, Problem 58Q

You may have admired the beauty of hardwood floors. Polyurethane is the finish of choice for floors because it is more durable than varnishes and shellacs. Until recently, polyurethane was always an oil-based paint. But recently, the Bayer Corporation developed a water-based polyurethane that reduces the amount of VOCs by 50–90%. In 2000, Bayer was awarded a Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge award for this development. Prepare a summary of this work. Also check stores to see if any water-based polyurethanes are available in your area.

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a) A favorable entropy change occurs when ΔS is positive. Does the order of the system increase or decrease when ΔS is positive? (b) A favorable enthalpy change occurs when ΔH is negative. Does the system absorb heat or give off heat when ΔH is negative? (c) Write the relation between ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. Use the results of parts (a) and (b) to state whether ΔG must be positive or negative for a spontaneous change. For the reaction, ΔG is 59.0 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. Find the value of K for the reaction.
A sample of hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4⋅xH2O) is analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The sample weighs 2.50 g initially and is heated in a controlled atmosphere. As the temperature increases, the water of hydration is released in two stages: (a) The first mass loss of 0.72 g occurs at 150°C, corresponding to the loss of a certain number of water molecules. (b) The second mass loss of 0.90 g occurs at 250°C, corresponding to the loss of the remaining water molecules. The residue is identified as anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) Questions: (i) Determine the value of x (the total number of water molecules in MgSO4⋅xH2O) (ii) Calculate the percentage of water in the original sample. Write down the applications of TGA.
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Chapter 1 Solutions

Chemistry in Context

Ch. 1.12 - Summarize what you have learned about ozone...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 1.27YTCh. 1.13 - Prob. 1.28YTCh. 1.13 - Prob. 1.29SCCh. 1.13 - Prob. 1.30YTCh. 1.13 - Prob. 1.35CTCh. 1 - Prob. 1QCh. 1 - Prob. 2QCh. 1 - Prob. 3QCh. 1 - Identify three sources of particulate matter found...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5QCh. 1 - Prob. 6QCh. 1 - In these diagrams, two different types of atoms...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8QCh. 1 - Prob. 9QCh. 1 - Prob. 10QCh. 1 - Prob. 11QCh. 1 - Prob. 12QCh. 1 - Prob. 13QCh. 1 - Consider the following blank periodic table. a....Ch. 1 - Classify each of these substances as an element, a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16QCh. 1 - Hydrocarbons are important fuels that we burn...Ch. 1 - Prob. 18QCh. 1 - Arrange these types of radiation in order of...Ch. 1 - These questions relate to the combustion of...Ch. 1 - Balance these equations in which ethane (C2 H4)...Ch. 1 - Prob. 22QCh. 1 - Count the atoms on both sides of the equation to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 24QCh. 1 - Nail polish remover containing acetone was spilled...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26QCh. 1 - Prob. 27QCh. 1 - Prob. 28QCh. 1 - Prob. 29QCh. 1 - Prob. 30QCh. 1 - A headline from the Anchorage Daily News in Alaska...Ch. 1 - Prob. 32QCh. 1 - Consider how life on Earth would change if the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 34QCh. 1 - Prob. 35QCh. 1 - Prob. 36QCh. 1 - Prob. 37QCh. 1 - Prob. 38QCh. 1 - Prob. 39QCh. 1 - Prob. 40QCh. 1 - Prob. 41QCh. 1 - Prob. 42QCh. 1 - Prob. 43QCh. 1 - Prob. 44QCh. 1 - Prob. 45QCh. 1 - Prob. 46QCh. 1 - Prob. 47QCh. 1 - Prob. 48QCh. 1 - Prob. 49QCh. 1 - Mercury, another serious air pollutant, is not...Ch. 1 - The EPA oversees the Presidential Green Chemistry...Ch. 1 - Prob. 52QCh. 1 - Here are two scanning electron micrograph images...Ch. 1 - Prob. 54QCh. 1 - Prob. 55QCh. 1 - Prob. 56QCh. 1 - Prob. 57QCh. 1 - You may have admired the beauty of hardwood...Ch. 1 - Prob. 59Q
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