Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 2Q
Summary Introduction

To determine: The trait of HIV that contributes to its rapid evolution.

Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a life-threatening disorder that is caused by a retrovirus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus is chiefly transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person by direct contact of body fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal fluids.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way by which a similar situation can explain the scenario of evolution of antibiotic resistance in a population of bacteria.

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Since early 2020 human societies around the world have suffered a viral pandemic and struggled to cope with Covid-19. Provide one example of a policy or response that has been effective and one example of a policy or response that has been ineffective. Propose a policy that should be implemented in the near future. ( should be based on your knowledge of evolutionary biology.)
The same molecular process that causes antigenic drift in HIV can lead to resistance to some antiretroviral drugs used in HIV therapy. Which of the following explains why a combinationdifferent antiretroviral drugs is more effective than a single antiretroviral drug? Select ALL that apply.a).Each antiretroviral drug has a different mechanism of action and targets a different aspect of HIV replication.b).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs at the same time, it is highly unlikely that a combination of mutations conferring drug resistance will occur at the same time.c)Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs achieves higher levels of each drug than administering just one antiretroviral drug.d).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs, these drugs are likely to be more effective in inhibiting the same HIV enzyme than one antiretroviral drug.e),Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs is less toxic than administering one antiretroviral drug.
briefly describe four explanations why E. coli phages can only infect E. coli cells, but not other bacteria or human cells.
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