RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer , protein, nucleic acid , catalysis, genetic code.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RE

RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer, protein, nucleic acid, catalysis, genetic code.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Calculate the number of ATP produced from oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose

Example 1: 1. Suppose an enzyme (MW = 5,000 g/mole) has a concentration of 0.05 mg/L. If the kcat is 1 x 10 s, what is the theoretical maximum reaction velocity for the enzyme? A) 1050 µM/s. B) 100 µM/s. C) 150 μM/s. D) 105 μM/s.

In 1956, E. P. Kennedy and S. B. Weiss published their study of membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) synthesis in rat liver. Their hypothesis was that phosphocholine joined with some cellular component to yield lecithin. In an earlier experiment, incubating 32 P-labeled phosphocholine at physiological temperature (37 °C) with broken cells from rat liver yielded labeled lecithin. This became their assay for the enzymes involved in lecithin synthesis. Determine the optimal pH for this enzyme and characterize the enzyme activity at different pH values. -O-P-O-CH2-CH₁₂-N(CH3)3 Phosphocholine H₂C-O-C-R HC-O-C-R2 + + + Cell fraction + ? HC-O-P-O-CH₁₂-CH₂-N(CH), O Phosphatidylcholine The researchers then centrifuged the broken cell preparation to separate the membranes from the soluble proteins. They tested three preparations: whole extract, membranes, and soluble proteins. Table 1 summarizes the results. Table 1: Cell fraction requirement for incorporation of 32p-phosphocholine into…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RE

RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer, protein, nucleic acid, catalysis, genetic code.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RE

RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer, protein, nucleic acid, catalysis, genetic code.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RE

RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer, protein, nucleic acid, catalysis, genetic code.

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reason behind the importance of the terms: catalysis, protein, genetic code and polymer, is to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction: The cells constitute the fundamental units of life. Each cell has a nucleus that contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA contains genetic codes that are involved in the synthesis of proteins. Genes are expressed in the form of proteins, which make each organism different from each other. An insect and a frog express specific proteins that make their appearance different from each other. Enzymes synthesize DNA and proteins by the process of catalysis. Each DNA molecule contains a series of nucleotides, which means that DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. A protein molecule is a polymer of amino acid residues.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1RE

Solution:

Catalysis is the process of enhancing rate of reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

A protein is a polymer of amino acid residues that form the most enzymes of a cell. Different proteins get expressed in different types of organisms.

A genetic code is a segment of DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins that define the characteristic features of an organism.

A polymer is a large molecule that is composed of repeated units of a single type or different types of molecules, for example, DNA is a polymer of nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). A protein is a polymer of twenty types of amino acids.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Given information: Catalysis, protein, genetic code, and polymer.

Every organism has a unique characteristic that is stored as code inside their DNA molecules. The DNA is a long chain of nucleotides that is compacted and placed inside the small nucleus of a cell. Some of the nucleotides attain a function to transcribe into mRNA (messenger RNA), which then translates into protein. The part of DNA that is required to make proteins is called as the genetic code.

A DNA molecule have many nucleotides that are linked with each other by the phosphodiester bonds. These units are arranged in the form of polymer and make the DNA as long as 2 meters in a human nucleus. A protein molecule is also a polymer of different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is linked to the other with the help of peptide bonds.

Most proteins act as enzymes that are required to speed up the rate of the reaction. For example, the DNA polymerase is a protein required to synthesize DNA from the existing nucleotides. Without DNA polymerase, the rate of reaction would be very slow and an organism would take a long time to make a copy of its own genes. During digestion and other metabolic processes, the enzymes are required to metabolize the compounds quickly so that the cell remains safe from the toxic components. The process by which enzymes increase rate of reaction is called catalysis. Most of the enzymes are proteinaceous in nature except for certain RNAs (ribonucleic acids).

Answer 14

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the terms proteins, catalysis, genetic code, and polymer are important in biochemistry, because they are involved in various processes that are required to sustain the life of an organism.

Answer 15

Ch. 1 - RECALL State why the following terms are important...Ch. 1 - RECALL Match each entry in Column a with one in...Ch. 1 - RECALL Identify the functional groups in the...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY In 1828, Wohler was the first...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY A friend who is enthusiastic...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Does biochemistry differ from...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY An earlier mission to Mars...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Common proteins are polymers of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Nucleic acids are polymers of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY RNA is often characterized as...

RECALL State why the following terms are important in biochemistry: polymer , protein, nucleic acid , catalysis, genetic code.

Concept explainers

Videos

Answer to Problem 1RE

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 1 Solutions