BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM PKG<
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305760738
Author: Campbell
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Chapter 1, Problem 20RE
RECALL Draw an idealized plant cell, and identify the parts by name and function.
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Draw a diagram to demonstrate 3' to 5' exonuclease activity?
1. Write the piece of mRNA that would code for the amino acid sequence NH3 - met - tyr - cys- his- CO2. Label the 5' and 3' ends. (diagram attached)
2.
You were tasked with purifying an untagged transcription factor (molecular weight 65,000Da, isoelectric point unknown) from a contaminant Protein A (molecular weight 50,000 Da, isoelectric point 5.0). You were also instructed to use the protein for crystallization studies after purification.i) In the initial purification step, which type of chromatography should you attempt? Explain your choice and specify the requirements of the buffer solution you should use. ii) Analyzing the proteins recovered from step i) using SDS-PAGE, you still observed a faint band of Protein A in addition to the transcription factor band. Given the limited time available for further purification, you must choose ONE appropriate chromatography method to maximize the chances of separating the two proteins as well as your crystallization studies. Provide a detailed explanation of your selection and the techniques/strategies you would employ to achieve this.
Chapter 1 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM PKG<
Ch. 1 - RECALL State why the following terms are important...Ch. 1 - RECALL Match each entry in Column a with one in...Ch. 1 - RECALL Identify the functional groups in the...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY In 1828, Wohler was the first...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY A friend who is enthusiastic...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Does biochemistry differ from...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY An earlier mission to Mars...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Common proteins are polymers of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Nucleic acids are polymers of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY RNA is often characterized as...
Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is the development of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY What are two major advantages of...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why was the development of a...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Comment on RNAs role in...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Do you consider it a reasonable...Ch. 1 - RECALL List five differences between prokaryotes...Ch. 1 - RECALL Do the sites of protein synthesis differ in...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Assume that a scientist claims...Ch. 1 - RECALL Draw an idealized animal cell, and identify...Ch. 1 - RECALL Draw an idealized plant cell, and identify...Ch. 1 - RECALL What are the differences between the...Ch. 1 - RECALL Which organelles are surrounded by a double...Ch. 1 - RECALL Which organelles contain DNA?Ch. 1 - RECALL Which organelles are the sites of...Ch. 1 - RECALL State how the following organelles differ...Ch. 1 - RECALL List the five kingdoms into which living...Ch. 1 - RECALL Which of the five kingdoms consist of...Ch. 1 - RECALL How does the five-kingdom classification...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY What are the advantages of being...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Mitochondria and chloroplasts...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Fossil evidence indicates that...Ch. 1 - RECALL Which processes are favored: those that...Ch. 1 - RECALL Does the thermodynamic term spontaneous...Ch. 1 - BIOCHEMICAL CONNECTIONS For the process...Ch. 1 - RECALL Which of the following are spontaneous...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY In which of the following...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it necessary to specify...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is the entropy of a system...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY A reaction at 23C has G=1kJmol1....Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Urea dissolves very readily in...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect the reaction...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY The existence of organelles in...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it advantageous for a...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Which would you expect to have a...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY How would you modify your answer...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY Would it be more or less likely...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY What thermodynamic...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY If cells of the kind we know...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY The process of protein folding...Ch. 1 - REFLECT AND APPLY In biochemistry, the exergonic...
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- You were given a mixture of two proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights:• Protein X: pI 4.2, MW 42,000• Protein Y: pI 9.8, MW 90,000Using a Tris-glycine discontinuous native gel (pH8.3) electrophoresis system with a running gel of 12%, only a single band was observed upon protein staining after electrophoresis. Explain the observed result and discuss possible factors affecting protein migration in this system.arrow_forwardThe standard cost of Product B manufactured by Oriole Company includes 3.5 units of direct materials at $5.40 per unit. During June, 27,300 units of direct materials are purchased at a cost of $5.15 per unit, and 27,300 units of direct materials are used to produce 7,600 units of Product B. (a) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $ (b) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances, assuming the purchase price is $6.35 and the quantity purchased and used is 26,300 units. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $arrow_forwardThe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA. E₁, E2, and E3 are abbreviations for the enzymes of the complex. Classify the enzyme names, prosthetic groups, and reactions as E1, E2, or E3. E₁ E2 Answer Bank E3 transfer of electrons to FAD and then to NAD+ transfer of acetyl group to coenzyme A formation of hydroxyethyl-TPP hydroxyethyl group transferred to lipoamide thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) FAD lipoamide dihydrolipoyl transacetylase pyruvate dehydrogenase dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenasearrow_forward
- Patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency show high levels of lactic acid in the blood. However, in some cases, treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), which inhibits the kinase associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, lowers lactic acid levels. How does DCA act to stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase activity? DCA activates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. DCA increases phosphorylation levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase. DCA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. ODCA activates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. What does this suggest about pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in patients who respond to DCA? The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is active only when phosphorylated by the kinase. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is active only in the presence of the kinase. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is completely inactive. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex displays some residual activity.arrow_forwardThe reduced coenzymes generated by the citric acid cycle donate electrons in a series of reactions called the electron-transport chain. The energy from the electron-transport chain is used for oxidative phosphorylation. Which compounds donate electrons to the electron- transport chain? H₂O NADH பப NAD+ ATP ADP FADH₂ FAD Which compounds are the final products of the electron-transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? H₂O NADH NAD+ ΠΑΤΡ Π ADP FADH₂ FAD Which compound is the final electron acceptor in the electron-transport chain? Оно NADH NAD+ ATP ADP FADH₂ FADarrow_forwardHexokinase in red blood cells has a Michaelis constant (KM) of approximately 50 μM. Because life is hard enough as it is, let's assume that hexokinase displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics. What concentration of blood glucose yields an initial velocity (V) equal to 90% of the maximal velocity (Vmax)? [glucose] = What does the calculated substrate concentration at 90% Vmax tell you if normal blood glucose levels range between approximately 3.6 and 6.1 mM? Hexokinase operates near Vmax only when glucose levels are low. Hexokinase normally operates far below Vmax. Hexokinase operates near Vmax only when glucose levels are high. Hexokinase normally operates near Vmax mMarrow_forward
- Classify each coenzyme or distinguishing characteristic based on whether it corresponds to catalytic or stoichiometric coenzymes. Catalytic coenzymes Answer Bank Stoichiometric coenzymes lipoic acid FAD used once coenzyme A regenerated thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) NAD+arrow_forwardThe oxidation of malate by NAD+ to form oxaloacetate is a highly endergonic reaction under standard conditions. AG +29 kJ mol¹ (+7 kcal mol-¹) Malate + NAD+ oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ The reaction proceeds readily under physiological conditions. = Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions? The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation. The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates. The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate. Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy. Assuming an [NAD+ ]/[NADH] ratio of 8, a temperature of 25°C, and a pH of 7, what is the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] ratio at which oxaloacetate can be formed from malate? [malate] [oxaloacetate]arrow_forwardCalculate and compare the AG values for the oxidation of succinate by NAD+ and FAD. Use the data given in the table to find the E of the NAD+: NADH and fumarate:succinate couples, and assume that E for the enzyme-bound FAD: FADH2 redox couple is nearly +0.05 V. Oxidant Reductant " E' (V) NAD+ NADH + H+ 2 -0.32 Fumarate Succinate AG°' for the oxidation of succinate by NAD+: AG°' for the oxidation of succinate by FAD: 2 -0.03 Why is FAD rather than NAD+ the electron acceptor in the reaction catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase? The electron-transport chain can regenerate FAD, but not NAD+. FAD is an oxidant, whereas NAD+ is a reductant. The oxidation of succinate requires two NAD+ molecules but only one FAD molecule. The oxidation of succinate by NAD+ is not thermodynamically feasible. kJ mol-1 kJ mol-1arrow_forward
- Use the cellular respiration interactive to help you complete the passage. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was a popular ingredient in diet pills in the 1930s before it was discovered that moderate doses of the compound cause exceptionally high body temperature and even death. Complete the passage detailing how DNP's mechanism of action explains why it causes both high body temperature and weight loss. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) causes of returning to the mitochondrial matrix through to pass directly across the inner mitochondrial membrane instead proteins. Because of DNP's effect on the mitochondrion, less energy is captured in the form of energy is instead wasted as heat. and more protons electrons ATP NADH sugars cytochrome ATP synthase heatarrow_forwardTo answer this question, you may reference the Metabolic Map. Select the reactions of glycolysis in which ATP is produced. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Fructose 6-phosphate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate Glucose glucose 6-phosphate Suppose 17 glucose molecules enter glycolysis. Calculate the total number of inorganic phosphate (P) molecules required as well as the total number of pyruvate molecules produced. P required: pyruvate produced: molecules moleculesarrow_forwardSuppose a marathon runner depletes carbohydrate stores after a four-hour run. The runner's nutritionist suggests replenishing carbohydrate stores by eating carbohydrates. However, the runner is also concerned about weight loss and wants to know if fats can be directly converted into carbohydrates. How should the nutritionist respond to the runner? Yes, the glyoxylate cycle can be used to convert acetyl CoA into succinate, which can then be converted into carbohydrates. No, the two decarboxylation reactions of the citric acid cycle preclude the net conversion of acetyl CoA into carbohydrates. No, the citric acid cycle converts acetyl CoA into oxaloacetate, but there is no pathway to form glucose from oxaloacetate. Yes, pyruvate carboxylase can convert acetyl CoA into pyruvate, which can be used to form glucose through gluconeogenesis.arrow_forward
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