Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of germanium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Electronic configuration: The electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals. The increasing order of orbital energy is
The energy order of the orbital for the first three periods is as follows,
The orbital which is closer to the nucleus has lower energy; therefore the
In general, the orbitals can hold maximum of two electrons, the two electrons must have opposite spin.
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below,
(a)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The germanium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of germanium atom is
Germanium belongs to Period
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
(b)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of cesium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The cesium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of cesium atom is
Cesium belongs to Period
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
(c)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of iridium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The iridium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of iridium atom is
It has a xenon core with twenty three additional valence electrons.
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
(d)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of tellurium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The tellurium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of tellurium atom is
Tellurium belongs to Period
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
(e)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of thallium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(e)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The thallium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of thallium atom is
Thallium belongs to Period
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
(f)
Interpretation:
The ground state configuration of plutonium atom has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(f)

Explanation of Solution
The electronic configuration is depends on the electrons in the atom. The plutonium atom has
The subshell ordering by Aufbau principle is given below;
Therefore ground state electronic configuration of plutonium atom is
Plutonium has radon core with eighteen additional valence electrons.
The electronic configuration also can be written as follows,
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Chapter 1 Solutions
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 2TERM
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