INTRO TO GEN ANALYSIS W/ACHIEVE ACCESS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781319423865
Author: Griffiths
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 1, Problem 17P
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for only twice the number of mutations in males, although the count of
Introduction: The formation of gametes undergoes a process of meiosis, which is followed by the mechanism of DNA replication. This process results in the doubling of chromosomes.
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INTRO TO GEN ANALYSIS W/ACHIEVE ACCESS
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- XX individuals can be sex-reversed males if one of their X chromosomes contains a translocated portion of the Y chromosome that includes the SRY gene. In light of what you now know about X-chromosome inactivation, it seems that this karyotype might have more complex consequences. In fact, although most such males are completely sex-reversed, X-chromosome inactivation can cause some of these XX males to have varying degrees of residual female characteristics. a. X-chromosome inactivation in normal XX embryos occurs earlier in development than SRY production in normal XY embryos. When present on a translocation X chromosome, SRY is subject to inactivation. Formulate a hypothesis to explain why many XX individuals with a translocation X chromosome that includes the SRY gene are not completely sex-reversed (male). b. Based on your answer to part (a), why do you think some individuals with this karyotype are completely sex-reversed?arrow_forwardPlease consider the figure below, parts A and B. A В Gene B Gene C Gene B Normal Gene A Chromosome 12 Normal Chromosome 1 Please consider figure A. a. Do these chromosomes come from a dividing or non-dividing cell? Give a reason for your answer. b. How many molecules of double stranded DNA will be present at anaphase I of a cell from this organism? Please consider figure B. A potentially carcinogenic mutation occurred on one of the chromosomes. The gene affected by the mutation codes for a protein involved in the repair of DNA damage. c. What is the correct term used to describe this chromosomal mutation? d. In terms of the development of cancer, is this a dominant or recessive mutation? e. What is the consequence of this mutation if it occurs during meiosis and is inherited by the offspring? Explain your answer in terms of the function of the protein.arrow_forwardExplain why, in humans, chromosomal mutation rates in females are much higher than in males.arrow_forward
- 34arrow_forward(a) How does the duplication of individual genes occur? (b) individual that inherit a genetic condition known as xeroderma pigmentosum exhibit an extreme sensitivity to sunlight exposure and often develop skin cancer by the age of 10. What repair pathway is most likely disrupted as a result of such mutation? Explain why?arrow_forwardAre mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.arrow_forward
- How do germ-line mutations differ from somatic mutations? Germ-line mutations are reversible, while somatic mutations are not. Germ-line mutations result in mutant gametes, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations occur during DNA replication, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations result in cancers, while somatic mutations do not. Germ-line mutations involve small changes to DNA such as base-pair substitutions, while somatic mutations involve large deletions.arrow_forwardI am trying to understand DNA/chromosome structure and replication. I have a culture dish of human cells (NIH3T3) and expose them to radioactively labeled Thymidine, 3H-thymidine, during S phase of the cell cycle. How would my radioactivity be distributed over a pair of homologous chromosomes at metaphase? If i have to draw How the radioactivity would be distributed over a pair of homologous chromosomes at metaphase, how will my drwing look likearrow_forwardIn Human chromosome 11 GC content is 42%. What is the percentage of each nucleotide on chromosome 11?arrow_forward
- Although most cases of cystic fibrosis are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, it possible that cystic fibrosis can arise spontaneously in some patients. Determine whether each of the scenarios below is most consistent with inherited or spontaneous CFTR mutations. Errors in CFTR were introduced in [ Choose ] replication. [ Choose ] Both parents carry the same mutation. Spontaneous mutation Inherited mutation Not every cell of the patient has the [ Choose ] mutation. One parent has two normal copies of [ Choose ] CFTR. Cousins also have the same CFTR [ Choose ] mutation. > >arrow_forward16. What is a cell that is not undergoing replication called? a) Inactivated b) Fallow c) Quiescent d) Cancerous 17. Which of the following equations would be most useful if you are trying to determine the probability of the first child, of 3 potential children, having an autosomal recessive trait. n! [x! Xy! A) B) p*q' e C) D) PK(gg) = PH(Gg) x PH(g) x Pi(g) E) None of these would be useful. 18. In the pedigree below, what is probability that II-1 and II-2 will have an affected child? a) 1/2 b) 1/4 c) 1/3 d) 2/3arrow_forwardMelanoma, 45 Colon cancer, 40 Sarcoma, 45 Breast Lung cancer, 53 cancer, 32 Stomach cancer, 50 Brain cancer, 18 Osteosarcoma, 3 Leukemia, 19 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 14 Answer the following subparts :- A. What do you notice in this pedigree as compared to Rb or BRCA1/2? B. Why do you think that so many cancer types are associated with inherited defects in p53? Please need detailed answer I want to learn please please I will upvote god promise|arrow_forward
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