Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260163698
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 16Q
Which of the following processes can be the result of human manipulation of microbial genes?
- a. the central dogma
- b. natural selection
- c. bioremediation
- d. abiogenesis
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements correctly describes a process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A. bacteria reproduce slowly, allowing mutation to become widespread in a population.
B. some bacteria produce exotoxins that breakdown antibiotics, rendering them nonfunctional
C. conjugation spreads antibiotic resistance genes rapidly in a population
D. antibiotics cause mutation in bacteria, making them resistant.
The use of microorganisms to decrease pollutants in the environment is most accurately referred to as:
A.-transgenics
B.-bioremediation
C.-bacteriomics
D.-phytoremediation
E.-genetic engineering
Which of the following is unnecessary for adaptation?
a. Replication
b. Selection
c. Time
d. Competition
e. Variation
Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 1.1 - List the various types of microorganisms that can...Ch. 1.1 - Describe the role and impact of microbes on the...Ch. 1.1 - Explain the theory of evolution and why it is...Ch. 1.1 - Explain the ways that humans manipulate organisms...Ch. 1.1 - Summarize the relative burden of human disease...Ch. 1.1 - Differentiate among bacteria, archaea, and...Ch. 1.1 - Identify an acellular infectious agent that is...Ch. 1.1 - Compare and contrast the relative sizes of the...Ch. 1.1 - Q.Can you think of a logical reason that a microbe...Ch. 1.1 - NCLEX PREP 1. For which of the following disease...
Ch. 1.2 - Make a time line of the development of...Ch. 1.2 - List some recent microbiology discoveries of great...Ch. 1.2 - Identify the important features of the scientific...Ch. 1.3 - Name the four main families of biochemicals.Ch. 1.3 - Provide examples of cell components made from each...Ch. 1.3 - Differentiate among primary, secondary, tertiary,...Ch. 1.3 - List the three components of a nucleotide.Ch. 1.3 - Name the three nitrogen bases of DNA and RNA.Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 1.3 - Recall three characteristics common to all cells.Ch. 1.3 - Q. Use context in the paragraph above to deduce...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2NPCh. 1.4 - Differentiate among the terms nomenclature,...Ch. 1.4 - Create a mnemonic device for remembering the...Ch. 1.4 - Correctly write the binomial name for a...Ch. 1.4 - Draw a diagram of the three major domains.Ch. 1.4 - Explain the difference between traditional and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1QCh. 1 - Name six types of microorganisms that we are...Ch. 1 - Defend the argument that a web of life is a more...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is a macromolecule that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 5QCh. 1 - Imagine a way you might design a drug to destroy...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7QCh. 1 - Provide an argument about why metabolic...Ch. 1 - Provide a possible interpretation of the finding...Ch. 1 - DNA leads to RNA which can lead to the creation of...Ch. 1 - Compare and contrast the RNA molecule with the DNA...Ch. 1 - Suggest an argument for why eukaryotic cells have...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13QCh. 1 - Defend or refute this statement: Microbes intend...Ch. 1 - Coevolution is a term describing the influence...Ch. 1 - Which of the following processes can be the result...Ch. 1 - Speculate about why scientists believe there are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 18QCh. 1 - When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by...Ch. 1 - Defend the use of complicated-sounding names for...Ch. 1 - Identify the most important component of the...Ch. 1 - Figure 1.2 Look at the red bat (the time that...
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- The spread of antibiotic resistance genes is an example of evolution. Explain how this is evolution using the framework of natural selection. Make sure you include what genes are evolving and what is the selective agent or selective pressure.arrow_forwardIn the MRSA case study discussed in class, after 12 weeks a mutant arose. This mu- tant formed smaller colonies on a blood agar plate when compared to the wild type MRSA iso- 3. lated 12 weeks earlier. The ability of that mutant to form small colonies is an example of when compared to the wild type. A. Sweep B. Bottleneck C. Founder effect D. Genetic driftarrow_forwardIn one paragraph, using your own words, explain the role that natural selection plays in the growth of antibiotic-resistant strands of bacteria.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements does not support how prokaryotes have a large amount of genetic variation A. The mutation rate in prokaryotes is not particularly high B. Prokaryotes have extremely short generation times and large populations C. They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer D. They have a relatively small genomearrow_forwardCan viruses adapt by natural selection? A. No, because there isn't a genetic basis for inheritance between parent and offspring virus particles. B. No, because there isn't a way to distinguish more fit from less fit virus particles C. Yes but only via human (domestic/artificial) selection D. No they evolve by mutations. E. Yes, virus particles that are most successful successful in reproducing quickly and infecting other host cells are the best adapted.arrow_forwarddescribe the modern theory of evoluton and discuss how it is supported by evidence from two of the following three areas a.population genetics b.molecular biology c.comparative anatomy and embryology evolution is one of the major unifying concepts of modern biology.explain the mechanism that lead to evolutionary change.describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence fornevolution a.bacterial resistance to antibiotics b.comparative biochemistry c.the fossil recordsarrow_forward
- Analyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.arrow_forwardIn patients with nonresistant strains of the tuberculosis bacterium, antibiotics can relieve symptoms in a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to halt the infection, and patients may discontinue treatment while bacteria are still present. Explain how this could result in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens.arrow_forwardProbiotic bacteria in the human large intestine (also known as “the colon”): a. have an optimal population growth rate (population doubling time) b. digest food materials, such as dietary fiber (cellulose) that the human digestive system cannot digest c. produce substances that inhibit the growth of detrimental bacteria d. include the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum e. produce anti-inflammatory compounds such as short-chain fatty acidsarrow_forward
- Explain the process of adaptation of individual organisms to their environment (i.e. some disease-causing bacteria in a bacterial population can survive exposure to antibiotics due to slight genetic variations from the rest of the population, which allows successful surviving bacteria to pass on antibiotic resistance to the next generation)arrow_forwardHow well do you think bioremediation achieves the goal of cleaning up pollution?Support you answer with evidence about the success of genetic technology in manipulating bacterial characteristics, and historical facts about.arrow_forwardThe transfer of an antibiotic resistance gene from one bacterialspecies to a different species is an example ofa. exon shuffling.b. horizontal gene transfer.c. genetic drift.d. migration.arrow_forward
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