To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry. Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

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fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, sp2 hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 1.2C - a. Nitrogen has relatively stable isotopes...Ch. 1.4 - Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds....Ch. 1.5 - Write Lewis structures for the following molecular...Ch. 1.5 - Circle any lone pairs (pairs of nonbonding...Ch. 1.6 - Use electronegativities to predict the direction...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1.9B - Draw the important resonance forms for the...Ch. 1.9B - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1.9B - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1.9B - Use resonance structures to identify the areas of...

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of the compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

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