
Concept explainers
1.
To draw: The Lewis structures of the given compounds.
Interpretation: The Lewis structures of the given compounds are to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
2.
To show: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds are to be shown.
Concept introduction: In the sigma bond formation hybridized orbitals overlap with other hybridized or unhybridized orbitals. In the formation of pi bonds only unhybridized orbitals are involved.
3.
To determine: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: All the carbon atoms with single bond formation always arranged in tetrahedral manner. In tetrahedral arrangement the bond angles between the atoms is always
The actual bond angles in “

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Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
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- The following reaction is run in which the initial conditions include only methane (CH4) at a concentration of0.115 M. Once equilibrium was established, the concentration of acetylene (C2H2) was measured to be 0.035M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant, K?2 CH4 (g) ⇋ C2H2 (g) + 3 H2 (g)arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium concentration of carbon dioxide for the following reaction:2 COF2 (g) ⇋ CF4 (g) + CO2 (g) Kc = 2.00 at 10.00 °C. at equilibrium [COF2] = 0.255M; [CF4] = 0.118Marrow_forwardIn a benzene derivative that has -CH2CH3, indicate how it can be substituted by -COOH.arrow_forward
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