Concept explainers
1.
To draw: The Lewis structures of the given compounds.
Interpretation: The Lewis structures of the given compounds are to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also called Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.
The rules to draw Lewis structure are given as,
- Determine the electronegativity and the number of valence electrons contributed by each atom.
- Generally lowest electronegativity atom is the central atom.
- Write the skeleton structure of the molecule.
- Use two valence electrons to form each bond in skeleton structure between the central and outer atoms.
- Satisfy the octets of atoms by distributing remaining valence electrons as nonbonding electrons. It is usually best start with the outer atoms.
2.
To show: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The kinds of orbitals that overlap to form each bond in the given compounds are to be shown.
Concept introduction: In the sigma bond formation hybridized orbitals overlap with other hybridized or unhybridized orbitals. In the formation of pi bonds only unhybridized orbitals are involved.
3.
To determine: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds.
Interpretation: The approximate bond angles in the given compounds are to be stated.
Concept introduction: All the carbon atoms with single bond formation always arranged in tetrahedral manner. In tetrahedral arrangement the bond angles between the atoms is always
The actual bond angles in “
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Nonearrow_forwardn Feb 3 A T + 4. (2 pts) Draw the structure of the major component of the Limonene isolated. Explain how you confirmed the structure. 5. (2 pts) Draw the fragment corresponding to the base peak in the Mass spectrum of Limonene. 6. (1 pts) Predict the 1H NMR spectral data of R-Limonene. Proton NMR: 5.3 pon multiplet (H Ringarrow_forwardPart VI. Ca H 10 O is the molecular formula of compound Tom and gives the in the table below. Give a possible structure for compound Tom. 13C Signals summarized C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 13C shift (ppm) 23.5 27.0 33.0 35.8 127 162 205 DEPT-90 + DEPT-135 + +arrow_forward
- 2. Using the following data to calculate the value of AvapH o of water at 298K. AvapH o of water at 373K is 40.7 kJ/mol; molar heat capacity of liquid water at constant pressure is 75.2J mol-1 K-1 and molar heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure is 33.6 J mol-1 K-1.arrow_forwardPart VII. Below are the 'HNMR 13 3 C-NMR, COSY 2D- NMR, and HSQC 20-NMR (Similar with HETCOR but axes are reversed) spectra of an organic compound with molecular formula C6H13 O. Assign chemical shift values to the H and c atoms of the compound. Find the structure. Show complete solutions. Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum ли 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 f1 (ppm)arrow_forward3. Draw the expanded structural formula, the condensed structural formula, and the skeletal structural formula for 2-pentene. expanded structure: Condensed structure: Skeletal formula: 4. Draw the expanded structural formula, the condensed structural formula, and the skeletal structural formula for 2-methyl-3-heptene. expanded structure: Condensed structure: Skeletal formula: following structurearrow_forward
- Part IV. Propose a plausible Structure w/ the following descriptions: a) A 5-carbon hydrocarbon w/ a single peak in its proton decoupled the DEPT-135 Spectrum shows a negative peak C-NMR spectrum where b) what cyclohexane dione isomer gives the largest no. Of 13C NMR signals? c) C5H120 (5-carbon alcohol) w/ most deshielded carbon absent in any of its DEPT Spectivaarrow_forward13C NMR is good for: a) determining the molecular weight of the compound b) identifying certain functional groups. c) determining the carbon skeleton, for example methyl vs ethyl vs propyl groups d) determining how many different kinds of carbon are in the moleculearrow_forward6 D 2. (1 pt) Limonene can be isolated by performing steam distillation of orange peel. Could you have performed this experiment using hexane instead of water? Explain. 3. (2 pts) Using GCMS results, analyze and discuss the purity of the Limonene obtained from the steam distillation of orange peel.arrow_forward
- Part III. Arrange the following carbons (in blue) in order of increasing chemical shift. HO B NH 2 A CIarrow_forward6. Choose the compound that will produce the spectrum below and assign the signals as carbonyl, aryl, or alkyl. 100 ō (ppm) 50 0 7. 200 150 Assign all of the protons on the spectrum below. 8. A B 4 E C 3 ō (ppm) 2 1 0 Choose the compound that will produce the spectrum below and assign the signals to the corresponding protons. OH 6 OH 3 2 1 0 4 ō (ppm)arrow_forwardIn the Thermo Fisher application note about wine analysis (Lesson 3), the following chromatogram was collected of nine components of wine. If peak 3 has a retention time of 3.15 minutes and a peak width of 0.070 minutes, and peak 4 has a retention time of 3.24 minutes and a peak width of 0.075 minutes, what is the resolution factor between the two peaks? [Hint: it will help to review Lesson 2 for this question.] MAU 300 200 T 34 5 100- 1 2 CO 6 7 8 9 0 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 Minutes 3.22 0.62 1.04 O 1.24arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning