Chapter 1, Problem 1.56SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry.

Interpretation: The structure of the given compound with the proper representation of pi bond and geometry is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Isomers are the compounds with similar formula but different structures. Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The six coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: Six coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, ${\text{sp}}^{\text{2}}$ hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To draw: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms and if there are still six coplanar atoms.

Interpretation: The structure of the trans isomer of the given compound with circled coplanar atoms is to be drawn and the existence of six coplanar atoms is to be validated.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the type of isomers in which arrangement of atoms differ in space. Geometric isomers are one of the types of stereoisomers. These are of two types and are named as, cis and trans isomers. These types of isomers generate due to the restricted rotations around the carbon-carbon double bond within the molecule.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The representation of circled coplanar atoms in the given compound.

Interpretation: The coplanar atoms in the given compound are to be circled.

Concept introduction: Carbon –carbon double bonds exist in the same plane. Hydrogen or any other group also lies in the same plane to satisfy its valency. In the given compound, ${\text{sp}}^{\text{2}}$ hybridization is present. In this type of hybridization, all the groups lie in the same plane.