Human Anatomy (9th Edition)
Human Anatomy (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134320762
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Robert B. Tallitsch, Judi L. Nath
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 11RFT

Which of the following includes only structures enclosed within the mediastinum?

(a) lungs, esophagus, heart

(b) heart, trachea, lungs

(c) esophagus, trachea, thymus

(d) pharynx, thymus, major vessels

Expert Solution & Answer
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Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The mediastinum refers to the middle section of the thoracic cavity. This region is surrounded by the loose connective tissue and it consists of a group of structures inside the thorax.

Answer to Problem 11RFT

Correct answer:

The mediastinum is present inside the thorax and it is covered on the right and left side by pleurae. It involves a number of organs.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation for the correct answer:

Option (c) is given as esophagus, trachea, and thymus. Mediastinum region comprises organs like the heart and its vessels, esophagus, phrenic, cardiac nerves, lymph nodes, thymus, thoracic duct, and cardiac nerves. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as lungs, esophagus, and heart. The lymph nodes of the central chest are included. It consists of all the organs except the lungs. So, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (b) is given heart, trachea, and lungs. All the organs are included in the mediastinum except for the lungs. So, it is an incorrect answer.

Option (d) is given as pharynx, thymus, and major vessels. Mediastinum starts is the middle section of the body and pharynx lies above it. So, it is an incorrect answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that mediastinum does not include lungs and consists of all the other organs present in the middle section.

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Daniel, the swimmer with the fastest time on the college swim team, routinely hyperventilates before a meet, as he says "to sock some more oxygen into my lungs so I can swim longer without having to breathe." "Furthermore, my heart won't have to adjust it's output". Which organ(s) would actually require more oxygen that Daniel may not be realizing? Why so?
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