You are doing an experiment in which you are measuring the rate at which succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid by an enzyme succinic dehydrogenase because you want to design a drug that can block this step in the metabolic pathway of a pathogenic bacteria. You decide to add a little malonic acid to make things interesting.. You observe that the reaction rate slows markedly and being a very smart graduate of Medgar Evers College, you conclude that malonic acid must be acting as an inhibitor. Design an experiment that will help you decide if malonic acid is acting as a competitive inhibitor or a noncompetitive inhibitor. Go to work and expect a promotion. Good luck.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
- Congratulations! You have just secured a great job in a pharmaceutical company.
You are doing an experiment in which you are measuring the rate at which succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid by an enzyme succinic dehydrogenase because you want to design a drug that can block this step in the
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