Write down the hypotheses that would be appropriate for testing if the police officers appear to have been exposed to a higher concentration of lead. Explicitly state and check all conditions necessary for inference on these data. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context.

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Answer A3, A4, and A5:

A. Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and a SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l.

    1. Write down the hypotheses that would be appropriate for testing if the police officers appear to have been exposed to a higher concentration of lead.
    2. Explicitly state and check all conditions necessary for inference on these data.
    3. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context.
    4. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration level of police officers contain 35 µg/l?
    5. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for this difference contain 0? Explain why or why not.
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