Write a class definition line and a one line docstring for the class Dog. Write an __init__ method for the class Dog that gives each dog its own name and breed. Test this on a successful creation of a Dog object. >>> import dog >>> sugar = dog.Dog('Sugar', 'border collie') >>> sugar.name 'Sugar' >>> sugar.breed 'border collie' Add a data attribute tricks of type list to each Dog instance and initialize it in __init__ to the empty list. The user does not have to supply a list of tricks when constructing a Dog instance. Make sure that you test this successfully. >>> sugar.tricks [] Write a method teach as part of the class Dog. The method teach should add a passed string parameter to tricks and print a message that the dog knows the trick. >>> sugar.teach('frisbee') Sugar knows frisbee

Chapter 10 defined the class circleType to implement the basic properties of a circle. (Add the function print to this class to output the radius, area, and circumference of a circle.) Now every cylinder has a base and height, where the base is a circle. Design a class cylinderType that can capture the properties of a cylinder and perform the usual operations on the cylinder. Derive this class from the class circleType designed in Chapter 10. Some of the operations that can be performed on a cylinder are as follows: calculate and print the volume, calculate and print the surface area, set the height, set the radius of the base, and set the center of the base. Also, write a program to test various operations on a cylinder.

Create an application for Ninas Cookie Emporium named CookieDemo that declares and demonstrates objects of the CookieOrder class and its descendants. The CookieOrder class includes auto-implemented properties for an order number, recipients name, and cookie type (for example, chocolate chip), and fields for number of dozens ordered and price. When the field value for number of dozens ordered is set, the price field is set as $15 per dozen for the first two dozen and $13 per dozen for each dozen over two. Create a child class named Special Cookieorder, which includes a field with a description as to why the order is special (for example, gluten-free). Override the method that sets a CookieOrders price as described in part a, but also to include special handling, which is SIO for orders up to $40 and $8 for higher-priced orders. Create an application named CookieDem02 that demonstrates using several Special CookieOrder objects.

A(n) ____________ is one instance or variable of a class.

Assume the definition of class foodType as given in Exercise 6. Answer the following questions? (1, 2, 3, 5, 6) Write the definition of the member function set so that private members are set according to the parameters. The values of the int and double instance variables must be nonnegative. Write the definition of the member function print that prints the values of the data members. Write the definitions of the member functions getName, getcalories, getFat, getSugar, getCarbohydrate, getPotassium to return the values of the instance variable. Write the definition of the default constructor of the class foodType so that the private member variables are initialized to 0, 0. 0, 0, 0. 0, 0. 0, respectively. Write the definition of the constructor with parameters of the class foodType so that the private member variables are initialized according to the parameters. The values of the int and double instance variables must be nonnegative. Write a C + + statement that prints the value of the object fruit 2. Write a C++ statement that declares an object my Fruit of type foodType, and initializes the member variables of myFruit to Apple, 52, 0. 2, 10,13.8, and 148.0, respectively.

a. Write a FractionDemo program that instantiates several Fraction objects and demonstrates that their methods work correctly. Create a Fraction class with fields that hold a whole number, a numerator, and a denominator. In addition: Create properties for each field. The set access or for the denominator should not allow a 0 value; the value defaults to 1. Add three constructors. One takes three parameters for a whole number, numerator, and denominator. Another accepts two parameters for the numerator and denominator; when this constructor is used, the whole number value is 0. The last constructor is parameterless; it sets the whole number and numerator to 0 and the denominator to 1. (After construction, Fractions do not have to be reduced to proper form. For example, even though 3/9 could be reduced to 1/3, your constructors do not have to perform this task.) Add a Reduce() method that reduces a Fraction if it is in improper form. For example, 2/4 should be reduced to 1/2. Add an operator+() method that adds two Fractions. To add two fractions, first eliminate any whole number part of the value. For example, 2 1/4 becomes 9/4 and 1 3/5 becomes 8/5. Find a common denominator and convert the fractions to it. For example, when adding 9/4 and 8/5, you can convert them to 45/20 and 32/20. Then you can add the numerators, giving 77/20. Finally, call the Reduce() method to reduce the result, restoring any whole number value so the fractional part of the number is less than 1. For example, 77/20 becomes 3 17/20. Include a function that returns a string that contains a Fraction in the usual display format—the whole number, a space, the numerator, a slash (D, and a denominator. When the whole number is 0, just the Fraction part of the value should be displayed (for example, 1/2 instead of 0 1/2). If the numerator is 0, just the whole number should be displayed (for example, 2 instead of 2 0/3). b. Add an operator*() method to the Fraction class created in Exercise 11a so that it correctly multiplies two Fractions. The result should be in proper, reduced format. Demonstrate that the method works correctly in a program named FractionDemo2. c. Write a program named FractionDem03 that includes an array of four Fractions. Prompt the user for values for each. Display every possible combination of addition results and every possible combination of multiplication results for each Fraction pair (that is, each type will have 16 results).

What is the difference between a friend function of a class and a member function of a class? (3)