will provide the required data in a seperate set Death Rate per 100,000 people and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote. A group of political activists noticed that hesitancy to get the vaccine for COVID-19 seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020 presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data was sourced from CNN. Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power.   G*Power Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size) Here are the setting for G*Power: Test family: t tests Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size…. Tails: Two Effect size |ρ|: 0.40 α err prob: 0.05 Power (1-β prob): 0.8 a. What is the required sample size? b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point. Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box: Yes No     Statistics Kingdom If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample_size_regression.html. Here are the settings: Type: Regression Power: 0.8 Effect: Medium Effect Size: 0.1615 Significance level (α): 0.05 Predictors (p): 1 Effect Type: R2/η2 Digits: 4   What is the required sample size to achieve 80 percent statistical power?     What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.     Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box: Yes No       Question 2: You have two variables: 1) Death rate by state and 2) Percent of popular vote won by Donald Trump by state. Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Enter your answer in the table below: Variable Independent or Dependent? Death Rate by State   Popular Vote Won By Trump   explain your answer Question 3: Using Microsoft Excel: (Excel file Assignment10.xlsx) Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means. a very high score.   Report your results here: Paste your Excel table here using Word’s Paste Special function.       Coefficient of correlation means:   Interpret the coefficient of correlation using this table.   Negative Positive Meaning 0.00 to -0.099 0.00 to -.099 No Correlation -0.10 to -0.299 0.10 to 0.299 Small Correlation -0.30 to -0.499 0.30 to 0.499 Medium Correlation -0.50 to -1.000 0.50 to 1.000 Large Correlation   Coefficient of determination means:     Question 4: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance level. Use the Excel file: Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:   Left-Tail   Two-Tail   Right-Tail     This is a t-test to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Here is the formula for the Test Statistic:     What is/are the critical value(s) for t? Degrees of freedom equals n – 2. Use a 5% significance level.                 How many critical values are there? Place an “X” in the appropriate box: One Two                         What is (are) the critical value(s)? Round off your answer to three digits passed the decimal point. Enter the value or values in this box:       Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses (Follow the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Use the appropriate Greek letters and mathematical symbols). H0:   H1:   Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Copy and paste the correct symbols. Mathematical Symbols = ≤ ≥ ≠ >  <  Greek Letters μ π σ ρ Σ ν   Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics.   Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Failure to do so will result in a major reduction of your grade.   Critical Value(s):   Decision Rule:

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I will provide the required data in a seperate set

Death Rate per 100,000 people and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote.

A group of political activists noticed that hesitancy to get the vaccine for COVID-19 seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020 presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data was sourced from CNN.

Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power

Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power.

 

G*Power

Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size) Here are the setting for G*Power:

Test family: t tests

Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model

Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size….

Tails: Two

Effect size |ρ|: 0.40

α err prob: 0.05

Power (1-β prob): 0.8

a. What is the required sample size?

b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.

Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box:

Yes

No

 

 

Statistics Kingdom

If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample_size_regression.html.

Here are the settings:

Type: Regression

Power: 0.8

Effect: Medium

Effect Size: 0.1615

Significance level (α): 0.05

Predictors (p): 1

Effect Type: R22

Digits: 4

 

What is the required sample size to achieve 80 percent statistical power?

 

 

  1. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.

 

 

Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box:

Yes

No

 

 

 

Question 2: You have two variables: 1) Death rate by state and 2) Percent of popular vote won by Donald Trump by state. Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Enter your answer in the table below:

Variable

Independent or Dependent?

Death Rate by State

 

Popular Vote Won By Trump

 

explain your answer

Question 3: Using Microsoft Excel: (Excel file Assignment10.xlsx)

  1. Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables.
  2. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means.
  3. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means. a very high score.

 

Report your results here:

Paste your Excel table here using Word’s Paste Special function.

 

 

 

  1. Coefficient of correlation means:

 

Interpret the coefficient of correlation using this table.

 

Negative

Positive

Meaning

0.00 to -0.099

0.00 to -.099

No Correlation

-0.10 to -0.299

0.10 to 0.299

Small Correlation

-0.30 to -0.499

0.30 to 0.499

Medium Correlation

-0.50 to -1.000

0.50 to 1.000

Large Correlation

 

  1. Coefficient of determination means:

 

 

Question 4: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance levelUse the Excel file: Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx

  1. Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:

 

Left-Tail

 

Two-Tail

 

Right-Tail

 

 

This is a t-test to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Here is the formula for the Test Statistic:
 

 

  1. What is/are the critical value(s) for t? Degrees of freedom equals n – 2. Use a 5% significance level.

                How many critical values are there? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:

One

Two

 

 

 

                  What is (are) the critical value(s)? Round off your answer to three digits passed the decimal point. Enter the value or values in this box:

 

 

 

  1. Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses (Follow the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Use the appropriate Greek letters and mathematical symbols).

H0:

 

H1:

 

Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Copy and paste the correct symbols.

Mathematical Symbols

=

Greek Letters

μ

π

σ

ρ

Σ

ν

 

Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics.

 

  1. Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Failure to do so will result in a major reduction of your grade.

 

Critical Value(s):

 

Decision Rule:

 

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:X v fx
J19
B
D
G
H
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P
Trump's
Per Capita Share of
COVID
Popular
1
Death*
Vote**
2
330
62.0%
*Death rates from COVID-19 per 100,000 people per state as of 12/3/21. Johns Hopkins University, CNN
3
121
52.8%
**Proportion of the popular vote won by Donald J. Trump in the 2020 presidential election
4
308
49.0%
Mean
Std Dev.
Excel Functions
Indepentent Variable: Trump's Share of the popular vote
=AVERAGE(Cell Range)
StdDev. =STDEV.S(CellRange)
5
288
62.4%
Mean
6
189
34.3%
Dependent Variable: Per Capita Death Rate
7
162
41.9%
|=CORREL(C2:C52,B2:B52)
|=RSQ(C2:C52,B2:B52)
8
250
39.2%
Coefficient of Correlation,
9
224
39.8%
Coefficient of Determination, r':
10
170
5.4%
Significance Level:
0.05 Given
11
287
51.2%
12
288
49.2%
|=COUNT(B2:B52)
n:
13
73
34.3%
df:
=J12-2
CV: (Method 1)
CV: (Method 2)
|=T.INV.2T(J11,J13)
=TINV(J11,J13)
14
221
63.8%
15
228
40.6%
16
262
57.0%
=(J8*SQRT(J13))/(SQRT(1-J9))
17
236
53.1%
t:
Data
Ready * Accessibility: Investigate
目
100%
9:45 PM
5.
5/13/2022
60°F
N
Cloudy
尔
Transcribed Image Text:AutoSave 旧 P Search (Alt+Q) ff Assignment8_Spring22_Data - Silver 47 File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View Help P Comments A Share v 12 A A ab E Insert v Σ Calibri General 53 Delete Paste BI U $ - % 9 68 8 Conditional Format as Cell Sort & Find 8& Analyze A Formatting - Table v Styles v H Format v Filter v Select v Data Undo Clipboard Font Alignment Number Styles Cells Editing Analysis :X v fx J19 B D G H K M P Trump's Per Capita Share of COVID Popular 1 Death* Vote** 2 330 62.0% *Death rates from COVID-19 per 100,000 people per state as of 12/3/21. Johns Hopkins University, CNN 3 121 52.8% **Proportion of the popular vote won by Donald J. Trump in the 2020 presidential election 4 308 49.0% Mean Std Dev. Excel Functions Indepentent Variable: Trump's Share of the popular vote =AVERAGE(Cell Range) StdDev. =STDEV.S(CellRange) 5 288 62.4% Mean 6 189 34.3% Dependent Variable: Per Capita Death Rate 7 162 41.9% |=CORREL(C2:C52,B2:B52) |=RSQ(C2:C52,B2:B52) 8 250 39.2% Coefficient of Correlation, 9 224 39.8% Coefficient of Determination, r': 10 170 5.4% Significance Level: 0.05 Given 11 287 51.2% 12 288 49.2% |=COUNT(B2:B52) n: 13 73 34.3% df: =J12-2 CV: (Method 1) CV: (Method 2) |=T.INV.2T(J11,J13) =TINV(J11,J13) 14 221 63.8% 15 228 40.6% 16 262 57.0% =(J8*SQRT(J13))/(SQRT(1-J9)) 17 236 53.1% t: Data Ready * Accessibility: Investigate 目 100% 9:45 PM 5. 5/13/2022 60°F N Cloudy 尔
AutoSave
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Assignment8_Spring22_Data -
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File
Home
Insert
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Data
Review
View
Help
P Comments
A Share
v 12
A A
ab
E Insert v
Σ
Calibri
General
53 Delete
Paste
BI U
A
$ - % 2 F68 98
Conditional Format as
Cell
Sort & Find &
Analyze
0
Formatting - Table v Styles v
H Format v
Filter v Select v
Data
Undo
Clipboard
Font
Alignment
Number
Styles
Cells
Editing
Analysis
:X v fx
J19
B
D
E
G
H
K
M
P
16
262
57.0%
D*SQRT(J13))/(SQRT(1-J9))
|=TDIST(ABS(J17),J13,2)
17
236
53.1%
t:
18
230
56.1%
p-value:
19
247
62.1%
20
319
58.5%
21
99
44.0%
22
186
32.1%
23
282
32.1%
24
258
47.8%
25
172
45.3%
26
346
57.5%
27
253
53.8%
28
256
53.9%
29
164
58.2%
30
161
47.7%
31
127
45.4%
32
320
41.3%
33
257
43.5%
34
296
37.7%
35
179
49.9%
CE 10
Data
Ready * Accessibility: Investigate
目
+ 100%
9:45 PM
5.
5/13/2022
60°F
N
Cloudy
Transcribed Image Text:AutoSave 旧 P Search (Alt+Q) ff Assignment8_Spring22_Data - Silver 47 File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View Help P Comments A Share v 12 A A ab E Insert v Σ Calibri General 53 Delete Paste BI U A $ - % 2 F68 98 Conditional Format as Cell Sort & Find & Analyze 0 Formatting - Table v Styles v H Format v Filter v Select v Data Undo Clipboard Font Alignment Number Styles Cells Editing Analysis :X v fx J19 B D E G H K M P 16 262 57.0% D*SQRT(J13))/(SQRT(1-J9)) |=TDIST(ABS(J17),J13,2) 17 236 53.1% t: 18 230 56.1% p-value: 19 247 62.1% 20 319 58.5% 21 99 44.0% 22 186 32.1% 23 282 32.1% 24 258 47.8% 25 172 45.3% 26 346 57.5% 27 253 53.8% 28 256 53.9% 29 164 58.2% 30 161 47.7% 31 127 45.4% 32 320 41.3% 33 257 43.5% 34 296 37.7% 35 179 49.9% CE 10 Data Ready * Accessibility: Investigate 目 + 100% 9:45 PM 5. 5/13/2022 60°F N Cloudy
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