will provide the required data in a seperate set Death Rate per 100,000 people and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote. A group of political activists noticed that hesitancy to get the vaccine for COVID-19 seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020 presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data was sourced from CNN. Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power.   G*Power Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size) Here are the setting for G*Power: Test family: t tests Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size…. Tails: Two Effect size |ρ|: 0.40 α err prob: 0.05 Power (1-β prob): 0.8 a. What is the required sample size? b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point. Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box: Yes No     Statistics Kingdom If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample_size_regression.html. Here are the settings: Type: Regression Power: 0.8 Effect: Medium Effect Size: 0.1615 Significance level (α): 0.05 Predictors (p): 1 Effect Type: R2/η2 Digits: 4   What is the required sample size to achieve 80 percent statistical power?     What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.     Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box: Yes No       Question 2: You have two variables: 1) Death rate by state and 2) Percent of popular vote won by Donald Trump by state. Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Enter your answer in the table below: Variable Independent or Dependent? Death Rate by State   Popular Vote Won By Trump   explain your answer Question 3: Using Microsoft Excel: (Excel file Assignment10.xlsx) Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means. a very high score.   Report your results here: Paste your Excel table here using Word’s Paste Special function.       Coefficient of correlation means:   Interpret the coefficient of correlation using this table.   Negative Positive Meaning 0.00 to -0.099 0.00 to -.099 No Correlation -0.10 to -0.299 0.10 to 0.299 Small Correlation -0.30 to -0.499 0.30 to 0.499 Medium Correlation -0.50 to -1.000 0.50 to 1.000 Large Correlation   Coefficient of determination means:     Question 4: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance level. Use the Excel file: Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:   Left-Tail   Two-Tail   Right-Tail     This is a t-test to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Here is the formula for the Test Statistic:     What is/are the critical value(s) for t? Degrees of freedom equals n – 2. Use a 5% significance level.                 How many critical values are there? Place an “X” in the appropriate box: One Two                         What is (are) the critical value(s)? Round off your answer to three digits passed the decimal point. Enter the value or values in this box:       Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses (Follow the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Use the appropriate Greek letters and mathematical symbols). H0:   H1:   Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Copy and paste the correct symbols. Mathematical Symbols = ≤ ≥ ≠ >  <  Greek Letters μ π σ ρ Σ ν   Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics.   Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Failure to do so will result in a major reduction of your grade.   Critical Value(s):   Decision Rule:

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I will provide the required data in a seperate set

Death Rate per 100,000 people and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote.

A group of political activists noticed that hesitancy to get the vaccine for COVID-19 seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020 presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump’s share of the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data was sourced from CNN.

Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power

Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power.

 

G*Power

Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size) Here are the setting for G*Power:

Test family: t tests

Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model

Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size….

Tails: Two

Effect size |ρ|: 0.40

α err prob: 0.05

Power (1-β prob): 0.8

a. What is the required sample size?

b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.

Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box:

Yes

No

 

 

Statistics Kingdom

If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample_size_regression.html.

Here are the settings:

Type: Regression

Power: 0.8

Effect: Medium

Effect Size: 0.1615

Significance level (α): 0.05

Predictors (p): 1

Effect Type: R22

Digits: 4

 

What is the required sample size to achieve 80 percent statistical power?

 

 

  1. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point.

 

 

Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an “X” in the appropriate box:

Yes

No

 

 

 

Question 2: You have two variables: 1) Death rate by state and 2) Percent of popular vote won by Donald Trump by state. Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Enter your answer in the table below:

Variable

Independent or Dependent?

Death Rate by State

 

Popular Vote Won By Trump

 

explain your answer

Question 3: Using Microsoft Excel: (Excel file Assignment10.xlsx)

  1. Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables.
  2. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means.
  3. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means. a very high score.

 

Report your results here:

Paste your Excel table here using Word’s Paste Special function.

 

 

 

  1. Coefficient of correlation means:

 

Interpret the coefficient of correlation using this table.

 

Negative

Positive

Meaning

0.00 to -0.099

0.00 to -.099

No Correlation

-0.10 to -0.299

0.10 to 0.299

Small Correlation

-0.30 to -0.499

0.30 to 0.499

Medium Correlation

-0.50 to -1.000

0.50 to 1.000

Large Correlation

 

  1. Coefficient of determination means:

 

 

Question 4: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance levelUse the Excel file: Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx

  1. Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:

 

Left-Tail

 

Two-Tail

 

Right-Tail

 

 

This is a t-test to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Here is the formula for the Test Statistic:
 

 

  1. What is/are the critical value(s) for t? Degrees of freedom equals n – 2. Use a 5% significance level.

                How many critical values are there? Place an “X” in the appropriate box:

One

Two

 

 

 

                  What is (are) the critical value(s)? Round off your answer to three digits passed the decimal point. Enter the value or values in this box:

 

 

 

  1. Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses (Follow the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Use the appropriate Greek letters and mathematical symbols).

H0:

 

H1:

 

Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Copy and paste the correct symbols.

Mathematical Symbols

=

Greek Letters

μ

π

σ

ρ

Σ

ν

 

Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics.

 

  1. Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Model your answer on the examples shown in Clear-Sighted Statistics. Failure to do so will result in a major reduction of your grade.

 

Critical Value(s):

 

Decision Rule:

 

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Alaska
Arizona
Editing
Voice
330
62.0%
seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020
presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the
121
52.8%
308
49.0%
COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump's share of
the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate
data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data
was sourced from CNN.
Arkansas
California
288
62.4%
189
34.3%
41.9%
39.2%
Colorado
162
Connecticut
250
Delaware
224
39,8%
District of Columbia
170
5.4%
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
The data are on the right. The data are located in Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx.
287
51.2%
288
49.2%
73
34.3%
Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power
Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to
determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power.
221
63.8%
linols
Indiana
228
40.6%
262
57.0%
lowa
Kansas
236
53.1%
230
56.1%
G*Power
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
62.1%
58.5%
247
Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a
Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size)
Here are the setting for G*Power:
Test family: t tests
319
99
44.0%
186
32.1%
282
32.1%
258
47.8%
Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model
172
45.3%
Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size.
Tails: Two
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
346
57.5%
253
53.8%
Effect size |pl: 0.40
а err prob: 0.05
Power (1-ß prob): 0.8
256
53.9%
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
164
58.2%
161
47.7%
127
45.4%
320
41.3%
a. What is the required sample size?
257
296
43,5%
New York
37.7%
North Carolina
179
49.9%
North Dakota
255
65.1%
b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to
four digits passed the decimal point.
Ohio
227
53.3%
Oklahoma
302
65.4%
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
124
40.4%
263
277
277
48.8%
38.6%
Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a
55 1%
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Transcribed Image Text:AutoSave Assignment8_Template - La. P Search (Alt+Q) ff Silver 47 File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Help P Comments A Share O Find - Cambria - 10 - A A Aa v A :E v = v a- v Normal Normal_Doub Normal_Noln Replace Paste BIU - ab X. x A • 2 - - A . Dictate Editor A Select v Undo Clipboard B Font Paragraph Editor Styles Alabama Alaska Arizona Editing Voice 330 62.0% seems particularly strong in states that Donald Trump won in the 2020 presidential election. They wondered whether there is a correlation between the 121 52.8% 308 49.0% COVID-19 death rate per 100,000 people per state and Donald Trump's share of the popular vote in 2020 per the 50 states and District of Columbia. The death rate data was sorted from a Johns Hopkins University/CNN report. The Voting data was sourced from CNN. Arkansas California 288 62.4% 189 34.3% 41.9% 39.2% Colorado 162 Connecticut 250 Delaware 224 39,8% District of Columbia 170 5.4% Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho The data are on the right. The data are located in Assignment8_Spring22.xlsx. 287 51.2% 288 49.2% 73 34.3% Question 1: A Priori Statistical Power Before collecting the data, they decided to calculate a priori statistical power to determine how large a sample is needed to achieve 80% statistical power. 221 63.8% linols Indiana 228 40.6% 262 57.0% lowa Kansas 236 53.1% 230 56.1% G*Power Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota 62.1% 58.5% 247 Conduct an a priori power analysis using G*Power. (If you are not using a Windows or Macintosh computer use Statistics Kingdom to estimate sample size) Here are the setting for G*Power: Test family: t tests 319 99 44.0% 186 32.1% 282 32.1% 258 47.8% Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model 172 45.3% Type of power analysis: A priori: Compute required sample size. Tails: Two Mississippi Missouri Montana 346 57.5% 253 53.8% Effect size |pl: 0.40 а err prob: 0.05 Power (1-ß prob): 0.8 256 53.9% Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 164 58.2% 161 47.7% 127 45.4% 320 41.3% a. What is the required sample size? 257 296 43,5% New York 37.7% North Carolina 179 49.9% North Dakota 255 65.1% b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point. Ohio 227 53.3% Oklahoma 302 65.4% Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 124 40.4% 263 277 277 48.8% 38.6% Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a 55 1% Page 1 of 4 Text Predictions: On * Accessibility: Investigate O Focus 879 words + 100% 65°F 4:47 PM N W Sunny 5/17/2022
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Effect size pl: 0.40
a err prob: 0.05
Power (1-ß prob): 0.8
Montana
256
53.9%
58.2%
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
164
161
47.7%
127
45.4%
New Jersey
320
41.3%
a. What is the required sample size?
New Mexico
257
43.5%
New York
296
37.7%
North Carolina
179
49.9%
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
255
65.1%
b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to
four digits passed the decimal point.
227
53.3%
302
65.4%
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
124
40.4%
263
48.8%
277
38.6%
Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a
sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the
coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an "X" in the
appropriate box:
277
55.1%
South Dakota
266
61.8%
Tennessee
253
60.7%
Техas
255
52.1%
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
111
Yes
58.1%
30.7%
No
66
173
44.0%
123
38.8%
276
68.6%
Statistics Kingdom
If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the
tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample size regression.html.
Here are the settings:
Type: Regression
Power: 0.8
173
48.8%
247
69.9%
Effect: Medium
Effect Size: 0.1615
Assignment8_Spring22.pdf
Page 1 of 4
Page 1 of 4
* Accessibility: Investigate
D Focus
879 words
Text Predictions: On
+
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5/17/2022
> I>
Transcribed Image Text:AutoSave Assignment8_Template - La. P Search (Alt+Q) ff Silver 47 File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review View Help P Comments A Share O Find - Cambria - 10 - A A Aa v A a- v Normal Normal Doub Normal_NoIn - Replace Paste BIU - ab X. x' A • 2 • A v Dictate Editor A Select v Undo Clipboard B Font Paragraph Styles Editing Voice Editor Effect size pl: 0.40 a err prob: 0.05 Power (1-ß prob): 0.8 Montana 256 53.9% 58.2% Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire 164 161 47.7% 127 45.4% New Jersey 320 41.3% a. What is the required sample size? New Mexico 257 43.5% New York 296 37.7% North Carolina 179 49.9% North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma 255 65.1% b. What level of statistical power will be achieved? Round off your answer to four digits passed the decimal point. 227 53.3% 302 65.4% Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 124 40.4% 263 48.8% 277 38.6% Using data from 50 states and the District of Columbia, do they have a sufficiently large sample size to achieve 80% power assuming that the coefficient of correlation is the population equal 0.40? Please an "X" in the appropriate box: 277 55.1% South Dakota 266 61.8% Tennessee 253 60.7% Техas 255 52.1% Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 111 Yes 58.1% 30.7% No 66 173 44.0% 123 38.8% 276 68.6% Statistics Kingdom If you are using a Chromebook, conduct an a priori power analysis using the tool found at https://www.statskingdom.com/sample size regression.html. Here are the settings: Type: Regression Power: 0.8 173 48.8% 247 69.9% Effect: Medium Effect Size: 0.1615 Assignment8_Spring22.pdf Page 1 of 4 Page 1 of 4 * Accessibility: Investigate D Focus 879 words Text Predictions: On + 100% 65°F 4:47 PM N W Sunny 5/17/2022 > I>
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