Why people with PK deficiency may tolerate a lower hemoglobin level than people with other types of anemia in which 2,3-DPG is not elevated?
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Why people with PK deficiency may tolerate a lower hemoglobin level than people with other types of anemia in which 2,3-DPG is not elevated? explain as simple as possible
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- What is the role of 2, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in the function of haemoglobin as an oxygen carrier molecule? Explain the binding mechanism and effect of 2,3-BPG leading to the reduced oxygen binding affinity for haemoglobin and transitions in the T (deoxygenated) and R (oxygenated) states of haemoglobin.Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells, by a mechanism that remains unclear. Explain why hydroxyurea can be a useful therapy for patients with sickle-cell anemia.How does hydroxyurea therapy alleviate the symptoms of sickle cell anemia? (Select all that apply.) HbS dilutes HbF and thus somewhat relieves the symptoms of the disease. HbF dilutes HbS and thus somewhat relieves the symptoms of the disease. HbF, because of its amino acid sequence, does not sickle and clog capillaries. O Hydroxyurea enhances the production of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS) in the bone marrow. Hydroxyurea enhances the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the bone marrow. O HbS, because of its amino acid sequence, does not sickle and clog capillaries.
- Heterozygotes for erythropoietic protoporphyria show only 20 to 30% residual ferrochelatase activity rather than the 50% that is normally expected for an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Provide a plausible explanation for this observation.Hemoglobin from different species can have different numbers of subunits. Let's consider three hemoglobin molecules: n = 1, n = 4, and n = 8, where each subunit has an oxygen P50 = 30 torr. (Recall that Pso is essentially a Kp and that oxygen partial pressure (torr) is directly proportional to concentration.) Which molecule transports the most O2 between the lungs (pO2 = 100 torr) and peripheral tissues (pO2 = 30 torr)? Please justify your answer.You know that the main function of RBCs is to carry O2 from lungs to tissues. Please kindly discuss this function at the molecular level (at the level of hemoglobin structure α & β chains) taking in consideration 2, 3-BPG.
- Pentose phosphate pathway and hemolytic anemia. Explain the relationship.Below is the O2 binding curve for adult Hb in whole blood (containing BPG) shown in red (labelled Hb). A Hb 20 40 60 80 100 pO2 (torr) a. Which curve is the best representation for stripped Hb (pure hemoglobin with heme, but no other small allosteric molecules associated)? [ Select ] b. Which curve has the lowest affinity (as measured by the p5o)? [ Select ] c. Which curve lacks cooperativity? [ Select ] Fraction of Hb bound with Oxygen 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0'0 >Is there a better solution for treating hypercholesterolemia that statins
- O, saturation curve is shown beloww for hemoglobin at various pHs. Detail this Bohr effect from the molecular perspective. Be sure to include discussion of what causes this (i.e. specific amino acids), why the curves are right shifted with decreasing pH, and why this is logical in delivery of 02 to areas of higher demand. 100 Myoglobin 80- pH 7.6 60 pH 7.4 pll 7.2 40- pH 7.0 pH 6.8 20- Venous 0- 0. 20 10 60 80 Percent saturationPropionic acidemia has a relatively high prevalence in South Africa, among both black and white families. This fatal disease is often diagnosed by the elevated presence of propionyl carnitine, propionylglycine and methyl citrate in blood and urine. Discuss the metabolism involved and origin of these markers.Bisphosphoglycerate lies in a central cavity within the hemoglobin tetramer, stabilizing the T state. What would be the effect of mutations that placed the BPG-binding site on the surface of hemoglobin?