1. Stages of the insulin biosynthesis and maturation. Components: A. N-terminal amino acid. B. N-signal peptide. C. Preproinsulin. D. Proinsulin. E. C-peptide. Vi pcummem Сеченова пенный 2) I. Ceuenosa
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- The insulin that does not have a peak of action is:A. Glulisin (Apidra)B. Glargine (Lantus)C. Isophane (Protaphane)D. Biphasic Insulin N 70/30E. Aspart (Novolog)A. What is the difference between preproinsulin and proinsulin? B. What is cleaved out of proinsulin to allow the mature insulin molecule to be formed? C. What is the C peptide and why is it medically significant? D. What is the purpose of the signal sequence and why isn’t it present in the mature insulin molecule?All of the following molecules are involved in insulin signal transduction except a. IRS b. RAS c. ANF d. PIP3
- Insulin preparations can have the following durations of action:A. Fast and longB. Fast, medium and longC. Polar, non-polar, neutralD. Very fast, fast, medium and longE. Subpolar, polar, non-polarInsulin therapy has all of the following effects, except:A. Increases concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma B. Stimulates glucose uptake by tissuesC. Inhibits lipolysisD. Activates protein synthesisIdentify the partial sequence of events that occurs after the insulin binds to its receptor. 1. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) 2. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase activity 3. Activation of phosphodiesterase 4. Activation of phospholipase C 5. Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 6. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 -kinase (P1-3 kinase) 7. Binding of Grb 2 8. Activation of a phosphatase 9. Dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase 10. phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase 2-7-1-4-3-9 1-7-3-5-6-8 2-1-6-5-8-9 2-7-1-6-5-8-9 2-7-4-6-1-8-10
- All of the following increase insulin secretion/production EXCEPT: Select one or more: a. Increased intracellular Ca²+ levels O b. Acetylcholine O C. Ghrelin O d. High carbohydrate meal e. Incretins O f. SometostatinWhich of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstreamWhich of the following statements concerning insulin is NOT true? a. Insulin can increase glycogen synthesis. b. The presence of insulin can increase glucose uptake. c. Insulin can increase the secretion of epinephrine. d. It is secreted by the beta cell of pancreas. e. Glucose in blood can up-regulate the secretion of insulin.
- Insulin is obligatory in the following states, except:A. Light course of type 2 diabetes mellitusB. Pregnancy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Lactation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusD. Ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusE. Surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellituswhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.The hormones insulin and glucagon are produced, respectively, by Select one: a. Insulin Glucagon Beta cells of the pancreas Liver cells b. Insulin Glucagon Beta cells of the pancreas Alpha cells of the pancreas c. Insulin Glucagon Alpha cells of the pancreas Beta cells of the pancreas d. Insulin Glucagon Alpha cells of the pancreas Liver cells