Q: Enzymes that phosphorylate proteins is an example of gene regulation by ---- "
A: Ans. The charged and hydrophilic group of Phosphorylation is inserted into the amino acids side…
Q: Match the gene name with the gene description. rb BRCA-1 A. tumor suppressor - p53 B. proto-oncogene…
A: Cancer is a condition caused by mutation in the genome that results in infinite cell multiplication…
Q: What is chromatin immunoprecipitation?
A: Chromatin immunoprecipitation is an experimental technique used to investigate protein DNA…
Q: How does a normal cell become a cancerous cell? What has to happen to it?
A: NOTE:- "As you have posted multiple questions under one, we will solve the first part for you, to…
Q: These genes are involved in normal cell growth and division, but if mutated, could become more…
A: Oncogenes are tumour-causing genes. They are mutated and abnormal that leading to uncontrolled cell…
Q: What are Two kinds of cancer-producing mutations?
A: Cancer is defined as any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of…
Q: Which of the following do cancer cells rely on to be able to divide indefinitely? tumor suppressors…
A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…
Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…
A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…
Q: What are processed pseudogenes?
A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…
Q: What role Proto-oncogenes play ?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the instruction manual for the building of life. The complete set of…
Q: What is oncogene ?
A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…
Q: A subset of colorectal cancers is associated with mutations in the Mut genes which code for proteins…
A: There are some Mut enzymes that check the identity of newly formed DNA and if there are certain…
Q: How can oncogenes lead to cancer?
A: Oncogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process by which normal cells turn into malignant cells.…
Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.
A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…
Q: What is a proto-oncogene? What are the typical functions of proteinsencoded by proto-oncogenes? At…
A: Oncogenes are those mutated or highly expressed genes that may alter the normal functioning of the…
Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressorgene? Give two examples of each…
A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…
Q: What is the function of a proto-oncogene?
A: Gene is the basic functional and structural unit of heredity. These are formed of DNA. Some genes…
Q: What would happen if the retinoblastoma protein wasn't able to bind to the E2F transcription factor?
A: The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a tumor suppressor protein that helps to prevent excessive cell…
Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?
A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…
Q: What do you mean by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation?
A: Chromatin immunoprecipitation is an experimental technique used to investigate protein DNA…
Q: . Explain why mutations in oncogenes are generally dominant while those in tumor suppressor genes…
A: Proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of gene essential for the control of cell…
Q: Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by proto-oncogeneswith those of proteins encoded by…
A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids. They are involved in a wide…
Q: what are proto-oncogenes
A: Oncogenes are those genes that can cause cancer. These genes are usually are normally present in our…
Q: Which of the following usually has a function dealing with inspecting newly replicated DNA for…
A: DNA replication is a process that occurs in all living organisms. In this process, DNA strands of…
Q: Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor…
A: Oncogene The gene that are cancerous and divide cell abnormally.
Q: What is a prion? Explain how a prion relies on normal cellularproteins to cause a disease such as…
A: Introduction: Prions are infectious proteins and lack of nucleic acids which functions partially…
Q: Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.
A: Any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in multiple animals, such as TP53 and Trp53, is…
Q: Describe the changes that can convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene.
A: A normal functioning gene turns into a proto-oncogene, which can cause cancer when it is altered as…
Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…
A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…
Q: Retroviruses can cause cancer, along with some viruses with DNA genomes. For example, herpes…
A: Retroviruses can cause cancer. For example, herpes papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. The…
Q: Explain why many oncogenic viruses contain genes whose products interact with tumor-suppressor…
A: Viruses are infectious agents. They can only replicate inside the living cells. Viruses can infect…
Q: What is the connection between viruses and cancer?
A: Introduction: Cancer is featured by a loss of control of growth and development, resulting in mass…
Q: What types of functions are performed by the products of proto-oncogenes?
A: Small segments of DNA encodes information for different functions and structure of the cell and thus…
Q: All of the following are characteristics of oncogenes EXCEPT Multiple Choice they are mutated…
A: Oncogenes have among other properties: They are proto-oncogenes that mutated. They make normal…
Q: How oncogenes contribute to cancer?
A: Cancer: It is a disease where cells divide abnormally and damage other cells. There are…
Q: Why do cells have proto-oncogenes? What is their function? Use specific examples in your…
A: A gene is a normal gene found within the cell. There are several proto-oncogenes. everyone is…
Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…
A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…
Q: Please answer all questions if possible. -B-Raf is not overexpressed in cancer though shows…
A: B raf is a protooncogene that produce BRaf protein. This protein plays role in regulating MAP…
Q: Sometimes, malignant cells do not stay properly anchored in tissues because of the loss of function…
A: Malignancy It refers to the presence of cancerous cells that have the ability to spread to other…
Q: How might overexpression of proto-oncogenes lead to abnormal cellular proliferation?
A: A proto-oncogene is a cell's normal gene. Proto-oncogenes are plentiful. Each one is in charge of…
Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes versus tumor-suppressorgenes.
A: Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be treated by chemotherapy and…
Q: Why are oncogenes usually dominant in their action, whereas tumor-suppressor genes are recessive?
A: BASIC INFORMATION ONCOGENES When there is alteration in the proto-onco genes then it leads to the…
Q: If a particular proto-oncogene has been altered by mutation into an oncogene such that it is…
A: Proto oncogenes are the genes which are inactivated in normal cell but when they get activated, it…
Q: Describe the mutational event that produces the MYC oncogene in Burkitt’s lymphoma. Why does the…
A: Burkitt lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that affects adults and children. NHL is…
Q: What is programmed cell death or PCD?
A: A programmed cell death (PCD) is a phenomenon by which those damaged cells are removed which have…
Q: Why are the proteins called p53 and Ras studied so much these days?
A: P53 and Ras, both proteins are involved in the cancer mechanism. Cancer is a condition in which the…
Q: What is haploinsufficiency? How might it affect cancer risk?
A: The term in genetics that explains the function of the dominant gene in the representation of…
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- Our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer formation has been greatly enhanced by studying oncogenic viruses. Answer the following questions regarding oncogenic retroviruses? What is an oncogene? How does if differ from a proto-oncogene? Why are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes? Explain how a gain of function mutation in the Ras protein caused by a retrovirus might lead to cancer formationp53 is a gene / protein often associated with cancer. Why? What does p53 do? What kind of gene is it? Is it associated more with any one particular type of cancer or all cancers? Tell me more about p53, but please do not exceed one typed page.Cancer is a genetic disease. To provide evidence that you understand cancer genes are altered in both sporadic (somatic) and inherited cancers, match the beginning and end of the sentences below to give correct statements. NOTE: there is one extra, redundant answer, do not use it. This question has partial credit, so you will still be awarded some marks even if all of your sentences are not correct. Prompts Gain of function Oncogenes Mutated forms of proto-oncogenes Examples of oncogenes Loss of function. Examples of tumor suppressor genes Tumor suppressor genes Inherited cancer The Knudson's 2-hit hypothesis Both inherited and sporadic cancers Submitted Answers Choose a match Choose a match Choose a match Choose a match. Choose a match. Choose a match Choose a match. Choose a match. Choose a match Choose a match. ▼ ▼ ▼ O protect cells from uncontrolled proliferation are; CMYC, KRAS & ErBb2 is seen in oncogenes, leading to cancer. involve Tumor suppressor genes are not involved in…
- Which is true for cancer cells: 1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions 2) Contact with other cells reduces chance of cell division 3) Cell division occurs in the presence of stop signals.Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most inherited forms of cancer are defects in tumor-suppressor genes. Give two or more reasons why inherited forms of cancer seldom involve activated oncogenes.Retroviruses can cause cancer, along with some viruses with DNA genomes. For example, herpes papillomavirus causes cervical cancer. The HPV genome encodes a protein called E6 that interferes with p53 function, and another protein called E7 that inhibits the function of Rb protein. Explain how HPV causes cancer. Are the viral E6 and E7 protein functions more similar to oncogenes or tumor suppressors?
- 1. a)Proteins that stimulate/promote progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. b)Proteins that inhibit progression through the cell cycle are encoded by (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes). Boldface one. c)What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? d)To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one. e)To cause cancer, tumor suppressor genes require (1 or 2)allele(s) to be mutated and therefore are considered (dominant or recessive). The mutation results in a (loss or gain) of function. For each underlined pair, boldface one.Put the following types of stem cells in order from MOST useful in regenerative medicine to LEAST useful. Group of answer choices adult--multipotent--pluripotent--totipotent totipotent--pluripotent--multipotent--adult adult--pluripotent--multipotent--totipotent adult--totipotent--multipotent--pluripotent pluripotent--multipotent--totipotent--adultThe P63 and P53 have similar functionalities in the cell, however, p53 is rarely associated directly with p63, suggesting that p63 may indirectly act as an oncogene by blocking p53 function. This hypothesis may also explain why p63 is associated with other indications of misinterpretation. I do understand the above statement, however once piece not clear – why would p63 block p53 function? Have these genes been shown to have opposing functions? From the background information provided above, it seems like they would have seminar functions. Explain.
- Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited predisposition to cancer such as familial adenomatous polyposis or BRCA-associated familial breast cancer? Choose all that apply a) If they get malignant cancer, somatic mutations will not have been a factor b) Their cancer will most likely arise in their germ cells, not their somatic cells c) None of the answers effectively describes the situation d) Every cell of their body contains a gain-of-function allele of an oncogene e) Most cells in their body contain multiple cancer-causing mutations f) Every cell of their body contains a defective, loss-of-function allele of a tumor suppressor geneWhich of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor suppressor 3) oncogene 4) repair enzyme 5) growth factor receptor3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not graded