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- A group of boys believe that there is a relationship between the act of sending flowers to a girl and texts received as a result. A study was carried out in which a sample of girls were asked whether they received any flowers and how many texts they sent in response. a)What type of variable is the explanatory variable? Quantitative Categorical b) What type of variable is “number of texts sent in response?” Categorical Quantitative c)What type of visual display should be used to summarize this data? Bar chart Side-by-side boxplots Histogram Dot plotA forensic psychologist who specializes in personality traits and their relationship to crime hypothesizes that those higher in the trait of thrill-seeking will be more likely to commit burglaries. The scores on a measure of thrill seeking and the number of arrests for burglary (and the corresponding z-scores) were as follows for a group of convicted felons from urban communities: THRILLSEEK # ARRESTS Z-THRILLSEEK Z-ARRESTS 36 10 2.55 1.87 29 9 0.89 1.63 27 8 0.41 1.15 27 6 0.41 0.42 26 5 0.18 0.30 26 3 0.18 -0.54 26 4 0.18 0.06 25 4 -0.06 0.06 25 4 -0.06 0.06 25 5 -0.06 0.18 25 5 -0.06 0.18 25 5 -0.06 0.18 23 3 -0.53 -0.54 23 1 -0.53 -1.75 22 2 -0.77 -1.15 14 1 -2.67 -1.75 Using α of .05, what has the researcher found? Explain in layperson’s terms. Let’s say you have a sample of 16 convicted felons from…In soccer, serious fouls result in a penalty kick with one kicker and one defending goalkeeper. The accompanying table summarizes results from 293 kicks during games among top teams. In the table, jump direction indicates which way the goalkeeper jumped, where the kick direction is from the perspective of the goalkeeper. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the direction of the kick is independent of the direction of the goalkeeper jump. Do the results support the theory that because the kicks are so fast, goalkeepers have no time to react, so the directions of their jumps are independent of the directions of the kicks? Goalkeeper Jump Left Center Right Kick to left 51 5 39 Kick to center 42 8 35 Kick to right 47 9 57 1. Determine the null and alternative hypothesis 2. X2 test statistic = 3. P-value = 4. State the conclusion
- In a study of high school students at least 16 years of age, researches obtained data summarized in the table below. Test the claim that texting while driving is independent of drinking alchohol and driving. Assume a significance level of 0.05. Drove when Drinking Did not drive when Drinking Totals Texting while Driving 731 3054 3785 No Texting and Driving 156 4564 4720 Totals 887 7618 8505 c) What is the Alternative Hypothesis? d) Which type of test will be used? e) What critical values are there?A random sample of n1 = 157 people ages 16 to 19 were taken from the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and 12 were found to be high school dropouts. Another random sample of n2 = 129 people ages 16 to 19 were taken from Sweetwater County, Wyoming, and 6 were found to be high school dropouts. Do these data indicate that the population proportion of high school dropouts on Oahu is different (either way) from that of Sweetwater County? Use a 1% level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance? What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference p1 − p2. Do not use rounded values. Round your final answer to two decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)In soccer, serious fouls result in a penalty kick with one kicker and one defending goalkeeper. The accompanying table summarizes results from 295 kicks during games among top teams. In the table, jump direction indicates which way the goalkeeper jumped, where the kick direction is from the perspective of the goalkeeper. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the direction of the kick is independent of the direction of the goalkeeper jump. Do the results support the theory that because the kicks are so fast, goalkeepers have no time to react, so the directions of their jumps are independent of the directions of the kicks? Goalkeeper Jump Left Center Right Kick to Left 59 3 37 Kick to Center 42 8 31 Kick to Right 47 5 63
- Q.7A researcher is interested in whether Drug A affects appetite in babies aged below 5 years. Sixteen babies were selected of which 8 were given Drug A and 8 were not given any Drug. The children appetite levels were measured on a scale from 1 to 25 (1=Low Appetite, 25=High Appetite). The Table below presents the results of the findings: No Drug Drug A 15 10 22 15 18 11 24 22 19 18 22 14 19 16 23 19 a) With reasons, determine whether the data is: i. Continuous/Categorical ii. Qualitative/Quantitative iii. Measurement scale (Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio, Interval) b) What is the line of best fit?A psychologist would like to research if the Hope scale (Synder, et al., 1991) scores differ between those living in City A and City B. The 12-item scale consisted of two subscales: a 6-item agency subscale and a 6-item pathways subscales. Scores on the 12 items were averaged, with higher scores indicating higher levels of hope. The following scores were obtained. Use Student’s t Test for Independent Groups, alpha at .05 2 tail City A 43 38 36 38 52 60 58 66 55 63 City B 62 34 35 52 58 72 57 55 80 67 Alternative hypothesis: ____________ Null hypothesis: ____________ t obtained: ____________ t critical: ____________ df: ____________ Cohen’s d: ____________ P value: ____________ Decision: ____________ Solution:
- A study was conducted to determine whether big-city and small-town dwellers differed in their helpfulness to strangers. In this study, the investigators rang the doorbells of strangers living in a large City or small towns in the vicinity. They explained they had misplaced the address of a friend living in the neighbourhood and asked to use the phone. The following data show the number of individuals who admitted or did not admit the strangers (the investigators) into their homes: Helpfulness to strangers Admitted strangers into their home Didnot admit strangers into their home Big city dwellers 60 90 Small town dwellers 70 30 State the dependent and independent variable Is this a directional or non directionalThe calculated value of x is higher than the table value. The hypothesis is rejected. Hence éducated fathers have intelligent boys. The results obtained in a sample survey of 200 TV viewers on the opinion about TV programmes are given below : Opinion Gender Entertaining Education West of time Male 52 28 30 Female 28 12 50 Is this evidence convincing that there is an association between gender and opinion ?Based on these tables, would you accept or reject the hypothesis that individuals in bad neighborhoods commit more crime?
