Which of the following statements are correct about the ability of cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor (select all that apply)? A. Is possessed by majority of cells in a tumor B. Most micrometasases fail to become secondary tumor C. Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometatstases D. Ability is acquired along with ability to move through circulation E. Is often acquired after micrometastases have been estabilished

Which of the following statements are correct about the ability of cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor (select all that apply)? A. Is possessed by majority of cells in a tumor B. Most micrometasases fail to become secondary tumor C. Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometatstases D. Ability is acquired along with ability to move through circulation E. Is often acquired after micrometastases have been estabilished

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3QP: Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain...

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Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue types
Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbers
Which of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cells
Which of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.
Explain the following figure. According to this model, what are the two major phases of metastasis that must be successful for metastasis? What are the challenges faced by cancer cells during metastatizing?
Which of the following statements are correct about inflammation and cancer (select all that apply)? A. Inflammatory cells are often detected in tumor samples B. The inflammatory cytokine TNF has been shown to have direct transforming properties C. Cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation D. Use of NSAIDs has been associated with increased mortality from colorectal cancer E. Levels of macrophage infiltration in tumors have been negatively correlated with patient prognosis
Which of the following steps are correct about multistep tumorigenesis (select all that apply)? A. Mutations in progenitor cells are more likely to develop a neoplastic state compared to mutations in stem cells B. Driver mutations give a cell clone a proliferative advanage C. The rate of mutation /genetic change is constant during tumor progression D. Nutrition/diet may effect rate of tumorigenesis E. All cells within a tumor are biologically equivalent and equally capable of high levels proliferation
Cancer cells have a complex interaction with the cells of the immune system that are present in the stroma. The immune cells have the potential to destroy the tumor if it is recognized as aberrant tissue. Which one of the following statements correctly describes an interaction between cancer cells and the immune cells of the stroma? A. Tumors stimulate formation of new blood vessels—angiogenesis—promoting tumor survival. B. The tumor establishes an immunosuppressive environment by blocking white-cell activation. C. Tumors invoke an inflammatory reaction that blocks entry of immune cells into the stroma. D. Immune cells block tumor growth by providing signals that inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.
Which of the following are charcteristics you would expect of a circulating tumor cell that has undergone Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (select all that apply)? A. Increased N-cahedrin expression B. Increased resistance to apoptosis C. Loss of ability to secrete fibronectin D. High cytokeratin expression E. Elevated PDGF Receptor Expression
A method that circulating cancer cells commonly employ to increase survival is: Select one: a. Migration along the endothelial cell walls b. Entry into red blood cells c. Production of toxins d. Surrounding themselves with platelets
Which of the following statements are correct about cancer drug resistance (select all that apply)? A. It is inevitable that a tumor will eventually become resistant to a given cancer drug B. Solid tumors often develop drugs resistance through upregulating expression of drug transporters. C. If the probability of develop resistance to drug A is 1/10 and for Drug B is also 1/10, then the probility of developing resistance to Drug A and B combination therapy is 1/20. D. Effective multidrug protocols use 3 drugs that all target the same mechanisms of killing cancer cell E. Drug resistance ofter develops when p53 is inactivated

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	A.	Is possessed by majority of cells in a tumor
	B.	Most micrometasases fail to become secondary tumor
	C.	Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometatstases
	D.	Ability is acquired along with ability to move through circulation
	E.	Is often acquired after micrometastases have been estabilished