![Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305389892/9781305389892_largeCoverImage.gif)
Concept explainers
Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical chemotherapy. Research into the mechanisms underlying this insensitivity uncovered an ability by these cells to “pump” the treatment drug out of the cell against its concentration gradient. Additional drugs have been developed that inhibit the pump, thus trapping the chemotherapeutic agent inside to promote cancer cell destruction. The Figure shows what happens when two types of cells are treated with a 3H-labeled anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel.
Two additional drugs, imatinib and nilotinib, are evaluated for their ability to overcome the cancer cells’ ability to “pump out” the chemotherapeutic agent. An asterisk (*) indicates a statistically significant difference from the cells receiving paclitaxel alone. Do the additional drugs seem to the effective in over-coming the pump? Which set of graphs (A or B) best supports your answer? Explain your answer.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Neuropathy is often a side effect of anti-cancer drug treatments. Which of the following drugs induce neuropathy by disrupting microtubule formation thereby inhibiting axonal transport? Select ALL that apply Paclitaxel Oxaliplatin Vincristine Bortezomib Thalidomide Cisplatinarrow_forwardChemotherapeutic agents can promote apoptosis in cancer cells by these mechanisms except; Group of answer choices Downregulating MCL1 expression Increasing BCL-2 expression Increased p53 expression Increased BIM (BH-3) expressionarrow_forward1) A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components. B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted. C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.arrow_forward
- As mentioned above, Bob needs a bone marrow transplant. Given Bob's age and overall health, the doctor's decide to perform a "mini-transplant" of bone marrow. This procedure requires much less chemotherapy and radiation than traditional bone marrow transplants. It is designed to remove some of the patient's existing bone marrow, to suppress the cancer cells, and to prevent the patient's body from rejecting the bone marrow transplant. This type of transplant is still considered experimental for MDS treatment. It takes Bob a month to go through the chemotherapy and radiation treatments to ready his body for transplant. 6. When the doctor does blood work on Bob at this point, what blood cells do you expect to be at lower than normal levels? Iarrow_forwardFor many years, targeted therapies for cancer treatment continue to be developed, however more and more patients are developing resistance to targeted therapies. Discuss one mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies for cancer and provide an example of how might creatively combat it using clinical concepts.arrow_forwardCellular reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem cells have allowed scientists to model various diseases and screen drugs in these in vitro models. Please select a disease that can be modeled through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. 1) why is it important to model such a disease? please explain clearly with example Thank youarrow_forward
- Which of the following drugs would directly target the ability of cancer cells to evade cell growth suppressors? (evading the growth suppressor hallmark) Anti-inflammatory drugs VEGF signaling inhibitors Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Telomerase inhibitorsarrow_forwardDistinguish between What is known of CD105 (endoglin) as an hepatcellular carcinoma marker and it’s potential as a drug target. Discuss: - Is anything known about its biology? E.g does it have known ligands and normal functions? - if you were to target it would you just use it to get growth inhibiting compound into the new blood vessels or is CD105 required for neovascularization?arrow_forwardWhich of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.arrow_forward
- A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after two separate Pap smears have shown dysplastic epithelial cells. Results of a molecular diagnostic test show DNA that encodes high-risk versions of the human papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins. The viral E6 protein binds to the cellular p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing it to be degraded. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the E6 protein causes cervical cancer? (A) Arrests the cell cycle (B) Enhances tissue invasion and metastasis (C) Inhibits telomerase expression (D) Prevents apoptosis (E) Sustains angiogenesisarrow_forwardRead the protocol to a cell adhesion assay experiment: Introduction- While there are many approaches that can be taken to study the "Hallmarks of Cancer", some of the most economical assays can be done using tissue culture models. While we will soon embark on a discussion of the perils of relving solely on cells grown in culture, we will find that the benefits of their usage comes in their "tractability": agonists and antagonists can be readily applied and removed from the cellular environment and behavioral reactions can be measured in a matter of hours or days. Thus, by using models such as tissue culture cells scientists can pose "bite-sized" experimental hypotheses that can be tested in well-controlled experiments in a relatively short amount of time. We will take advantage of these benefits this week by performing a simple assay of adhesive behavior that is commonly performed in the Cancer Biology world to ask basic questions about tumor cell behavior. Today we will visualize…arrow_forwardJurkat cells are an immortalized line of human T-lymphocytes cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia. K562 cells were the first human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line to be established. Resting= control, Etoposide= drug. Below is shown the results of floweytometry of untreated and treated cells.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305389892/9781305389892_smallCoverImage.gif)