Answered: Which of the following medications does…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

Which of the following medications does not have hyperglycemic effects (does not decrease insulin actions)?
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. Beta 2 agonists
C. Pentoxifylline
D. H2 histamine receptor blockers
E. Isoniazid

Expert Solution

Step 1

Hyperglycemia is referred to as a condition in which the sugar or glucose levels in the blood are increased.
Hyperglycemic effects could either be chronic or acute.
Effects of chronic hyperglycemia include damage to nerves, kidney, and cardiovascular damages. Additionally, chronic hyperglycemia can also cause eye problems.
The acute effects include polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Additionally, fatigue and itchy skin also occur in acute hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemic condition is commonly observed among diabetic patients.
Additionally, certain chemical compounds are also capable of inducing hyperglycemia.

Step 2

Calcium channel blockers: Calcium channel blockers are special drugs that help to reduce the blood pressure by retarding the movement of calcium ions inside the cells of the heart and blood vessel walls. However, an overdose of calcium channel blocker can result in hyperglycemia that occurs due to blockage of pancreatic L-type calcium channels. Additionally, calcium channel blockers cause resistance to insulin hormone at the cellular level.

Beta 2 agonists: Beta 2 agonists are a special class of drugs that act as bronchodilators and help in the treatment of asthma. However, some specific beta 2 agonists affect the β-cells of the pancreas that are responsible for the secretion of insulin and hence can cause hyperglycemia.

Pentoxifylline: Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative drug that helps in the treatment of muscular pain in patients with peripheral artery disease. Pentoxifylline has been found to have no effect on the blood glucose level or serum insulin level.

H2 histamine receptor blockers: These are special drugs that are used in the treatment of duodenal ulcers and also helps in the prevention of their reoccurrence. The current studies suggest that H2 receptors are not involved in the hyperglycemic activity of the body.

Isoniazid: It is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of tuberculosis along with other drugs such as rifampicin and pyrazinamide. The drug has been reported to have hyperglycemic effects resulting in high blood glucose levels.

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