### Characteristics of Catabolic Metabolic PathwaysWhen analyzing catabolic metabolic pathways, several key characteristics are commonly observed. Below are the options with the correct ones identified:- ☐ **Overall oxidation of initial substrates so redox reactions involve use of NAD+ as oxidizing agent, converted to NADH.**- ☑ **Large initial substrates are broken down to smaller final products.**- ☐ **Overall reduction of initial substrates so redox reactions involve use of NADPH as reducing agent, converted to NADP+.**- ☑ **The pathways are overall exergonic (negative delta G).**- ☑ **Net production of ATP as a result of the pathway.**- ☒ **Essentially irreversible**In summary, the catabolic metabolic pathways are characterized by the breakdown of large initial substrates into smaller final products and are generally exergonic, leading to a net production of ATP. **Question:**Which of the following types of inhibitors will bind to both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex?**Options:**- Noncompetitive- Uncompetitive- Competitive- Mixed Inhibitor**Answer:**- Noncompetitive (checked)- Mixed Inhibitor (checked)In this multiple-choice question, users are asked to identify which types of enzyme inhibitors will bind to both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. The correct answers, as indicated by the check marks, are "Noncompetitive" and "Mixed Inhibitor."### Explanation:- **Noncompetitive Inhibitor:** This type of inhibitor can bind to an enzyme regardless of whether the enzyme has already bound to the substrate. This binding typically occurs at an allosteric site rather than at the active site, which leads to inhibition of enzyme activity.- **Mixed Inhibitor:** A mixed inhibitor resembles a noncompetitive inhibitor in that it can also bind to both the free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. However, its effect on enzyme activity is more complex, as it can increase or decrease the enzyme's affinity for its substrate.Understanding the differences between these types of inhibitors is essential for comprehending enzyme regulation and drug design in biochemistry and pharmacology.

Metabolic pathways are of two types. They are Catabolic pathways in which larger compounds are…

Answered: Which of the following are…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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draw and Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following metabolic pathways. 1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)
Which of the following is true about comparing the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Group of answer choices They catalyze reactions that produce the exact same set of products They are both dehydrogenase complexes, but have very different structures They both catalyze reactions that oxidize NADH to NAD+ They both use the same E3 enzyme component Which of the following best describes stage 2 of the citric acid cycle? Group of answer choices ATP production by the electron transport chain production of acetyl CoA regeneration of oxaloacetate release of 2 carbons as carbon dioxide
Consider the reaction shown, which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase? high concentrations of acetyl-CoA high concentrations of NADH high concentrations of NAD+ high concentrations of CO2
Name the input (reagents) and output (products) of the following biochemical pathways, where in the eukaryotic cell they occur and be sure to include NADH, FADH2, CO2, and # ATPs gained from each pathway as they occur in the following processes. GlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport chain
Which of the following are true of the citric acid (TCA) cycle? (choose all corr Decarboxylation reactions are part of the citric acid cycle. Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are produced as products acid cycle. This is an aerobic pathway. The major products of the citric acid cycle are NAD+, FAD and ATP The pathway occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. The pathway occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells.
Fill in the blanks with the numerical answer only: Number of electrons generated in oxidation of 1 glucose to 2 pyrvuate in glycolysis. Number of electrons generated in the oxidation of 2 pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Number of electrons generated for complex II in oxidation of 2 acetyl CoA via the TCA Cycle.
The net yield of one molecule of glucose completing glycolysis and the TCA cycle is ... Group of answer choices 2 ATP + 2 GTP + 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 6 CO2 2 GTP + 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 6 CO2 33 ATP + 6 CO2 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate
During glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Pyruvate then is converted to Acetyl coA and enters the citric acid cycle. Per one (1) glucose molecule that undergoes glycolysis and TCA cycle, complete the table below ATPS produced Products from glycolysis 1. ATP 2. NADH 3. _Pyruvate Equivalence in ATP ATP ATPS АТР Equivalence in ATP ATPS Products from TCA ATPS produced АТР 4. NADH 5. FADH2 6. GTP ATPS ATP ATPS ATP TOTAL ATP Produced 7. ATP
Identify all of the inputs and outputs for glycolysis, krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. What are the regulatory steps of these pathways and what do the key regulatory enzymes control? What compounds inhibit/activate these enzymes?
Taking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many NAD+ molecules are reduced from a single molecule of dihydroxyacetone phosphate? 4 NAD+ are reduced 5 NAD+ are reduced 8 NAD+ are reduced 10 NAD+ are reduced None of the above answers are correct
Some reaction components are shown on the left. Match them to the reactions catalyzed by glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in the cell. (Multiple components on the left may match to the same option on the right. Some righthand options may have no corresponding component.) Glutamine ATP NAD+ H₂O Clear All Glutamine synthetase only Glutaminase only Both glutamine synthetase and glutaminase Neither glutamine synthetase nor glutaminase
Name the enzymes that catalyse (a) substrate-level phosphorylation and (b) coupled reactions during glycolysis and the TCA cycle.

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